Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different Mechanisms
The interaction between plant and bacterial VOCs has been extensively studied, but the role of VOCs in growth promotion still needs to be explored. In the current study, we aim to explore the growth promotion mechanisms of cold-tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> strains GBAC46 and RJGP41 and the w...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Abdur Rashid Khan Qurban Ali Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Saqib Bilal Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh Qin Gu Huijun Wu Xuewen Gao |
| author_facet | Abdur Rashid Khan Qurban Ali Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Saqib Bilal Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh Qin Gu Huijun Wu Xuewen Gao |
| author_sort | Abdur Rashid Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The interaction between plant and bacterial VOCs has been extensively studied, but the role of VOCs in growth promotion still needs to be explored. In the current study, we aim to explore the growth promotion mechanisms of cold-tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> strains GBAC46 and RJGP41 and the well-known PGPR strain FZB42 and their VOCs on tomato plants. The result showed that the activity of phytohormone (IAA) production was greatly improved in GBAC46 and RJGP41 as compared to FZB42 strains. The in vitro and in-pot experiment results showed that the <i>Bacillus</i> VOCs improved plant growth traits in terms of physiological parameters as compared to the CK. The VOCs identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, namely 2 pentanone, 3-ethyl (2P3E) from GBAC46, 1,3-cyclobutanediol,2,2,4,4-tetramethyl (CBDO) from RJGP41, and benzaldehyde (BDH) from FZB42, were used for plant growth promotion. The results of the partition plate (I-plate) and in-pot experiments showed that all the selected VOCs (2P3E, CBDO, and BDH) promoted plant growth parameters as compared to CK. Furthermore, the root morphological factors also revealed that the selected VOCs improved the root physiological traits in tomato plants. The plant defense enzymes (POD, APX, SOD, and CAT) and total protein contents were studied, and the results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and protein contents significantly increased as compared to CK. Similarly, plant growth promotion expression genes (<i>IAA4, ARF10A, GA2OX2, CKX2,</i> and <i>EXP1</i>) were significantly upregulated and the <i>ERF</i> gene was downregulated as compared to CK. The overall findings suggest that both <i>Bacillus</i> isolates and their pure VOCs positively improved plant growth promotion activities by triggering the antioxidant enzyme activity, protein contents, and relative gene expressions in tomato plants. |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:17:16Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-186a9e88174a4fb0aafc9af6aa19adf02023-11-18T18:23:21ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-06-0112794010.3390/biology12070940Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different MechanismsAbdur Rashid Khan0Qurban Ali1Muhammad Ayaz2Muhammad Saqib Bilal3Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh4Qin Gu5Huijun Wu6Xuewen Gao7Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaThe interaction between plant and bacterial VOCs has been extensively studied, but the role of VOCs in growth promotion still needs to be explored. In the current study, we aim to explore the growth promotion mechanisms of cold-tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> strains GBAC46 and RJGP41 and the well-known PGPR strain FZB42 and their VOCs on tomato plants. The result showed that the activity of phytohormone (IAA) production was greatly improved in GBAC46 and RJGP41 as compared to FZB42 strains. The in vitro and in-pot experiment results showed that the <i>Bacillus</i> VOCs improved plant growth traits in terms of physiological parameters as compared to the CK. The VOCs identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, namely 2 pentanone, 3-ethyl (2P3E) from GBAC46, 1,3-cyclobutanediol,2,2,4,4-tetramethyl (CBDO) from RJGP41, and benzaldehyde (BDH) from FZB42, were used for plant growth promotion. The results of the partition plate (I-plate) and in-pot experiments showed that all the selected VOCs (2P3E, CBDO, and BDH) promoted plant growth parameters as compared to CK. Furthermore, the root morphological factors also revealed that the selected VOCs improved the root physiological traits in tomato plants. The plant defense enzymes (POD, APX, SOD, and CAT) and total protein contents were studied, and the results showed that the antioxidant enzymes and protein contents significantly increased as compared to CK. Similarly, plant growth promotion expression genes (<i>IAA4, ARF10A, GA2OX2, CKX2,</i> and <i>EXP1</i>) were significantly upregulated and the <i>ERF</i> gene was downregulated as compared to CK. The overall findings suggest that both <i>Bacillus</i> isolates and their pure VOCs positively improved plant growth promotion activities by triggering the antioxidant enzyme activity, protein contents, and relative gene expressions in tomato plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/7/940<i>Bacillus</i> strainstomato plantsvolatile organic compoundsGC-MS analysisPGPRantioxidant enzymes |
| spellingShingle | Abdur Rashid Khan Qurban Ali Muhammad Ayaz Muhammad Saqib Bilal Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh Qin Gu Huijun Wu Xuewen Gao Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different Mechanisms Biology <i>Bacillus</i> strains tomato plants volatile organic compounds GC-MS analysis PGPR antioxidant enzymes |
| title | Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different Mechanisms |
| title_full | Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different Mechanisms |
| title_short | Plant–Microbes Interaction: Exploring the Impact of Cold-Tolerant <i>Bacillus</i> Strains RJGP41 and GBAC46 Volatiles on Tomato Growth Promotion through Different Mechanisms |
| title_sort | plant microbes interaction exploring the impact of cold tolerant i bacillus i strains rjgp41 and gbac46 volatiles on tomato growth promotion through different mechanisms |
| topic | <i>Bacillus</i> strains tomato plants volatile organic compounds GC-MS analysis PGPR antioxidant enzymes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/7/940 |
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