The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity
The very-low-calorie KD (VLCKD) is characterized by a caloric intake of under 800 kcal/day divided into less than 50 g/day of carbohydrate (13%) and 1 to 1.5 g of protein/kg of body weight (44%) and 43% of fat. This low carbohydrate intake changes the energy source from glucose to ketone bodies. Mor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/12/2728 |
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| author | Ana Karina Zambrano Santiago Cadena-Ullauri Patricia Guevara-Ramírez Evelyn Frias-Toral Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo Elius Paz-Cruz Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo Sebastián Chapela Martha Montalván Gerardo Sarno Claudia V. Guerra Daniel Simancas-Racines |
| author_facet | Ana Karina Zambrano Santiago Cadena-Ullauri Patricia Guevara-Ramírez Evelyn Frias-Toral Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo Elius Paz-Cruz Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo Sebastián Chapela Martha Montalván Gerardo Sarno Claudia V. Guerra Daniel Simancas-Racines |
| author_sort | Ana Karina Zambrano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The very-low-calorie KD (VLCKD) is characterized by a caloric intake of under 800 kcal/day divided into less than 50 g/day of carbohydrate (13%) and 1 to 1.5 g of protein/kg of body weight (44%) and 43% of fat. This low carbohydrate intake changes the energy source from glucose to ketone bodies. Moreover, clinical trials have consistently shown a beneficial effect of VLCKD in several diseases, such as heart failure, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and obesity, among others. The gut microbiota has been associated with the metabolic conditions of a person and is regulated by diet interactions; furthermore, it has been shown that the microbiota has a role in body weight homeostasis by regulating metabolism, appetite, and energy. Currently, there is increasing evidence of an association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the pathophysiology of obesity. In addition, the molecular pathways, the role of metabolites, and how microbiota modulation could be beneficial remain unclear, and more research is needed. The objective of the present article is to contribute with an overview of the impact that VLCKD has on the intestinal microbiota composition of individuals with obesity through a literature review describing the latest research regarding the topic and highlighting which bacteria phyla are associated with obesity and VLCKD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:04:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1891dd09a4d84aebaeda67de889a2dae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:04:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-1891dd09a4d84aebaeda67de889a2dae2023-11-18T11:56:46ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-06-011512272810.3390/nu15122728The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in ObesityAna Karina Zambrano0Santiago Cadena-Ullauri1Patricia Guevara-Ramírez2Evelyn Frias-Toral3Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo4Elius Paz-Cruz5Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo6Sebastián Chapela7Martha Montalván8Gerardo Sarno9Claudia V. Guerra10Daniel Simancas-Racines11Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorCentro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorCentro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorSchool of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, EcuadorCentro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorCentro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorCentro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABE, ArgentinaSchool of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 091952, Ecuador“San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona” University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, 84131 Salerno, ItalyCentro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorCentro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, EcuadorThe very-low-calorie KD (VLCKD) is characterized by a caloric intake of under 800 kcal/day divided into less than 50 g/day of carbohydrate (13%) and 1 to 1.5 g of protein/kg of body weight (44%) and 43% of fat. This low carbohydrate intake changes the energy source from glucose to ketone bodies. Moreover, clinical trials have consistently shown a beneficial effect of VLCKD in several diseases, such as heart failure, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and obesity, among others. The gut microbiota has been associated with the metabolic conditions of a person and is regulated by diet interactions; furthermore, it has been shown that the microbiota has a role in body weight homeostasis by regulating metabolism, appetite, and energy. Currently, there is increasing evidence of an association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the pathophysiology of obesity. In addition, the molecular pathways, the role of metabolites, and how microbiota modulation could be beneficial remain unclear, and more research is needed. The objective of the present article is to contribute with an overview of the impact that VLCKD has on the intestinal microbiota composition of individuals with obesity through a literature review describing the latest research regarding the topic and highlighting which bacteria phyla are associated with obesity and VLCKD.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/12/2728obesityvery-low-calorie ketogenic dietnutritionweight loss |
| spellingShingle | Ana Karina Zambrano Santiago Cadena-Ullauri Patricia Guevara-Ramírez Evelyn Frias-Toral Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo Elius Paz-Cruz Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo Sebastián Chapela Martha Montalván Gerardo Sarno Claudia V. Guerra Daniel Simancas-Racines The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity Nutrients obesity very-low-calorie ketogenic diet nutrition weight loss |
| title | The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity |
| title_full | The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity |
| title_short | The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity |
| title_sort | impact of a very low calorie ketogenic diet in the gut microbiota composition in obesity |
| topic | obesity very-low-calorie ketogenic diet nutrition weight loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/12/2728 |
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