Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution
Abstract Adipose tissue plays multiple and complex roles not only in mechanical cushioning and energy storage but also as an important secretory organ that regulates energy balance and homeostasis multilaterally. Fat tissue is categorized into subcutaneous fat tissue (SCAT) or visceral fat tissue (V...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Insights into Imaging |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-019-0833-4 |
| _version_ | 1819054801339547648 |
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| author | Asako Yamamoto Yoshinao Kikuchi Toru Kusakabe Hideyuki Takano Keita Sakurai Shigeru Furui Hiroshi Oba |
| author_facet | Asako Yamamoto Yoshinao Kikuchi Toru Kusakabe Hideyuki Takano Keita Sakurai Shigeru Furui Hiroshi Oba |
| author_sort | Asako Yamamoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Adipose tissue plays multiple and complex roles not only in mechanical cushioning and energy storage but also as an important secretory organ that regulates energy balance and homeostasis multilaterally. Fat tissue is categorized into subcutaneous fat tissue (SCAT) or visceral fat tissue (VSA) depending on its distribution, with the two having different metabolic functions. Near-total lack of fat in congenital/acquired generalized lipodystrophy, cachexia, or any other severe malnutrition condition induces severe multi-organ dysfunction due to lack of production of leptin and other adipokines. Increased visceral fat tissue secondary to obesity, hypercortisolism, or multiple symmetric lipomatosis raises the risk of insulin resistance, cardiac complications, and airway or spinal canal stenosis, although the fat distribution pattern differs in each condition. Partial abnormal fat distribution conditions such as HIV/HAART therapy-associated lipodystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophies, and acquired partial lipodystrophy frequently show a mixture of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy with metabolic dysfunction. Characteristic imaging features in conditions with local abnormal fat distribution can provide information about a patient’s co-existent/unrecognized disease(s), past medical history, or lifestyle. Knowledge of characteristic abnormal fat distribution patterns can contribute to proper and timely therapeutic decision-making and patient education. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:57:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-189c4989a62546959ef62f5c0af51de9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1869-4101 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:57:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insights into Imaging |
| spelling | doaj.art-189c4989a62546959ef62f5c0af51de92022-12-21T19:03:18ZengSpringerOpenInsights into Imaging1869-41012020-02-0111111710.1186/s13244-019-0833-4Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distributionAsako Yamamoto0Yoshinao Kikuchi1Toru Kusakabe2Hideyuki Takano3Keita Sakurai4Shigeru Furui5Hiroshi Oba6Department of Radiology, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Pathology, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterDepartment of Radiology, Chiba Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiology, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Radiology, Teikyo University School of MedicineDepartment of Radiology, Teikyo University School of MedicineAbstract Adipose tissue plays multiple and complex roles not only in mechanical cushioning and energy storage but also as an important secretory organ that regulates energy balance and homeostasis multilaterally. Fat tissue is categorized into subcutaneous fat tissue (SCAT) or visceral fat tissue (VSA) depending on its distribution, with the two having different metabolic functions. Near-total lack of fat in congenital/acquired generalized lipodystrophy, cachexia, or any other severe malnutrition condition induces severe multi-organ dysfunction due to lack of production of leptin and other adipokines. Increased visceral fat tissue secondary to obesity, hypercortisolism, or multiple symmetric lipomatosis raises the risk of insulin resistance, cardiac complications, and airway or spinal canal stenosis, although the fat distribution pattern differs in each condition. Partial abnormal fat distribution conditions such as HIV/HAART therapy-associated lipodystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophies, and acquired partial lipodystrophy frequently show a mixture of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy with metabolic dysfunction. Characteristic imaging features in conditions with local abnormal fat distribution can provide information about a patient’s co-existent/unrecognized disease(s), past medical history, or lifestyle. Knowledge of characteristic abnormal fat distribution patterns can contribute to proper and timely therapeutic decision-making and patient education.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-019-0833-4FatLipodystrophyLipohypertrophyLipoatrophyBone marrow |
| spellingShingle | Asako Yamamoto Yoshinao Kikuchi Toru Kusakabe Hideyuki Takano Keita Sakurai Shigeru Furui Hiroshi Oba Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution Insights into Imaging Fat Lipodystrophy Lipohypertrophy Lipoatrophy Bone marrow |
| title | Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution |
| title_full | Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution |
| title_fullStr | Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution |
| title_short | Imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution |
| title_sort | imaging spectrum of abnormal subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution |
| topic | Fat Lipodystrophy Lipohypertrophy Lipoatrophy Bone marrow |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-019-0833-4 |
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