Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia
Aspergillus fumigatus produce airborne spores (conidia), which are inhaled in abundant quantity. In an immunocompromised population, the host immune system fails to clear the inhaled conidia, which then germinate and invade, leading to pulmonary aspergillosis. In an immunocompetent population, the i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/4/1/3 |
| _version_ | 1818444343901421568 |
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| author | Sarah Sze Wah Wong Vishukumar Aimanianda |
| author_facet | Sarah Sze Wah Wong Vishukumar Aimanianda |
| author_sort | Sarah Sze Wah Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aspergillus fumigatus produce airborne spores (conidia), which are inhaled in abundant quantity. In an immunocompromised population, the host immune system fails to clear the inhaled conidia, which then germinate and invade, leading to pulmonary aspergillosis. In an immunocompetent population, the inhaled conidia are efficiently cleared by the host immune system. Soluble mediators of the innate immunity, that involve the complement system, acute-phase proteins, antimicrobial peptides and cytokines, are often considered to play a complementary role in the defense of the fungal pathogen. In fact, the soluble mediators are essential in achieving an efficient clearance of the dormant conidia, which is the morphotype of the fungus upon inhalation by the host. Importantly, harnessing the host soluble mediators challenges the immunological inertness of the dormant conidia due to the presence of the rodlet and melanin layers. In the review, we summarized the major soluble mediators in the lung that are involved in the recognition of the dormant conidia. This knowledge is essential in the complete understanding of the immune defense against A. fumigatus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:14:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18b4eb293f364f92b26ba57fa901e4b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:14:26Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-18b4eb293f364f92b26ba57fa901e4b72022-12-21T22:50:39ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2017-12-0141310.3390/jof4010003jof4010003Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus ConidiaSarah Sze Wah Wong0Vishukumar Aimanianda1Unité des Aspergillus, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, FranceUnité des Aspergillus, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, FranceAspergillus fumigatus produce airborne spores (conidia), which are inhaled in abundant quantity. In an immunocompromised population, the host immune system fails to clear the inhaled conidia, which then germinate and invade, leading to pulmonary aspergillosis. In an immunocompetent population, the inhaled conidia are efficiently cleared by the host immune system. Soluble mediators of the innate immunity, that involve the complement system, acute-phase proteins, antimicrobial peptides and cytokines, are often considered to play a complementary role in the defense of the fungal pathogen. In fact, the soluble mediators are essential in achieving an efficient clearance of the dormant conidia, which is the morphotype of the fungus upon inhalation by the host. Importantly, harnessing the host soluble mediators challenges the immunological inertness of the dormant conidia due to the presence of the rodlet and melanin layers. In the review, we summarized the major soluble mediators in the lung that are involved in the recognition of the dormant conidia. This knowledge is essential in the complete understanding of the immune defense against A. fumigatus.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/4/1/3Aspergillus fumigatusinnate immunityhumoral immunitycomplement |
| spellingShingle | Sarah Sze Wah Wong Vishukumar Aimanianda Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia Journal of Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus innate immunity humoral immunity complement |
| title | Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia |
| title_full | Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia |
| title_fullStr | Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia |
| title_short | Host Soluble Mediators: Defying the Immunological Inertness of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia |
| title_sort | host soluble mediators defying the immunological inertness of aspergillus fumigatus conidia |
| topic | Aspergillus fumigatus innate immunity humoral immunity complement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/4/1/3 |
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