Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis
Senescent cells express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with a pro-inflammatory bias, which contributes to the chronicity of inflammation. During chronic inflammatory diseases, infiltrating CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes can undergo cellular senescence and arrest the su...
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2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2543 |
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| author | Luis González-Osuna Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho Emilio A. Cafferata Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez Carolina Rojas Paola Carvajal Cristian Cortez Rolando Vernal |
| author_facet | Luis González-Osuna Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho Emilio A. Cafferata Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez Carolina Rojas Paola Carvajal Cristian Cortez Rolando Vernal |
| author_sort | Luis González-Osuna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Senescent cells express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with a pro-inflammatory bias, which contributes to the chronicity of inflammation. During chronic inflammatory diseases, infiltrating CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes can undergo cellular senescence and arrest the surface expression of CD28, have a response biased towards T-helper type-17 (Th17) of immunity, and show a remarkable ability to induce osteoclastogenesis. As a cellular counterpart, T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) can also undergo cellular senescence, and CD28<sup>−</sup> Tregs are able to express an SASP secretome, thus severely altering their immunosuppressive capacities. During periodontitis, the persistent microbial challenge and chronic inflammation favor the induction of cellular senescence. Therefore, senescence of Th17 and Treg lymphocytes could contribute to Th17/Treg imbalance and favor the tooth-supporting alveolar bone loss characteristic of the disease. In the present review, we describe the concept of cellular senescence; particularly, the one produced during chronic inflammation and persistent microbial antigen challenge. In addition, we detail the different markers used to identify senescent cells, proposing those specific to senescent T lymphocytes that can be used for periodontal research purposes. Finally, we discuss the existing literature that allows us to suggest the potential pathogenic role of senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T lymphocytes in periodontitis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:36Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-18b8958dd3b34fc996c840fbc9f6ae622023-11-23T23:05:43ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01235254310.3390/ijms23052543Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during PeriodontitisLuis González-Osuna0Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho1Emilio A. Cafferata2Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez3Carolina Rojas4Paola Carvajal5Cristian Cortez6Rolando Vernal7Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChilePeriodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChilePeriodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChilePeriodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChilePeriodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileCenter for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, ChilePeriodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, ChileSenescent cells express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with a pro-inflammatory bias, which contributes to the chronicity of inflammation. During chronic inflammatory diseases, infiltrating CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes can undergo cellular senescence and arrest the surface expression of CD28, have a response biased towards T-helper type-17 (Th17) of immunity, and show a remarkable ability to induce osteoclastogenesis. As a cellular counterpart, T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) can also undergo cellular senescence, and CD28<sup>−</sup> Tregs are able to express an SASP secretome, thus severely altering their immunosuppressive capacities. During periodontitis, the persistent microbial challenge and chronic inflammation favor the induction of cellular senescence. Therefore, senescence of Th17 and Treg lymphocytes could contribute to Th17/Treg imbalance and favor the tooth-supporting alveolar bone loss characteristic of the disease. In the present review, we describe the concept of cellular senescence; particularly, the one produced during chronic inflammation and persistent microbial antigen challenge. In addition, we detail the different markers used to identify senescent cells, proposing those specific to senescent T lymphocytes that can be used for periodontal research purposes. Finally, we discuss the existing literature that allows us to suggest the potential pathogenic role of senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T lymphocytes in periodontitis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2543cell senescenceT-lymphocytesCD28periodontitisalveolar bone lossTh17 lymphocytes |
| spellingShingle | Luis González-Osuna Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho Emilio A. Cafferata Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez Carolina Rojas Paola Carvajal Cristian Cortez Rolando Vernal Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis International Journal of Molecular Sciences cell senescence T-lymphocytes CD28 periodontitis alveolar bone loss Th17 lymphocytes |
| title | Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis |
| title_full | Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis |
| title_fullStr | Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis |
| title_short | Senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>−</sup> T Lymphocytes as a Potential Driver of Th17/Treg Imbalance and Alveolar Bone Resorption during Periodontitis |
| title_sort | senescent cd4 sup sup cd28 sup sup t lymphocytes as a potential driver of th17 treg imbalance and alveolar bone resorption during periodontitis |
| topic | cell senescence T-lymphocytes CD28 periodontitis alveolar bone loss Th17 lymphocytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2543 |
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