Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts
Extreme droughts in Amazonia cause anomalous increase in fire occurrence, disrupting the stability of environmental, social, and economic systems. Thus, understanding how droughts affect fire patterns in this region is essential for anticipating and planning actions for remediation of possible impac...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2019.00097/full |
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| author | Celso H. L. Silva Junior Celso H. L. Silva Junior Liana O. Anderson Liana O. Anderson Alindomar L. Silva Catherine T. Almeida Catherine T. Almeida Ricardo Dalagnol Ricardo Dalagnol Mikhaela A. J. S. Pletsch Thales V. Penha Rennan A. Paloschi Luiz E. O. C. Aragão Luiz E. O. C. Aragão Luiz E. O. C. Aragão |
| author_facet | Celso H. L. Silva Junior Celso H. L. Silva Junior Liana O. Anderson Liana O. Anderson Alindomar L. Silva Catherine T. Almeida Catherine T. Almeida Ricardo Dalagnol Ricardo Dalagnol Mikhaela A. J. S. Pletsch Thales V. Penha Rennan A. Paloschi Luiz E. O. C. Aragão Luiz E. O. C. Aragão Luiz E. O. C. Aragão |
| author_sort | Celso H. L. Silva Junior |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extreme droughts in Amazonia cause anomalous increase in fire occurrence, disrupting the stability of environmental, social, and economic systems. Thus, understanding how droughts affect fire patterns in this region is essential for anticipating and planning actions for remediation of possible impacts. Focused on the Brazilian Amazon biome, we investigated fire responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian droughts using remote sensing data. Our results revealed that the 2015/2016 drought surpassed the 2010 drought in intensity and extent. During the 2010 drought, we found a maximum area of 846,800 km2 (24% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) with significant (p ≤ 0.05) rainfall decrease in the first trimester, while during the 2015/2016 the maximum area reached 1,702,800 km2 (47% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) in the last trimester of 2015. On the other hand, the 2010 drought had a maximum area of 840,400 km2 (23% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) with significant (p ≤ 0.05) land surface temperature increase in the first trimester, while during the 2015/2016 drought the maximum area was 2,188,800 km2 (61% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) in the last trimester of 2015. Unlike the 2010 drought, during the 2015/2016 drought, significant positive anomalies of active fire and CO2 emissions occurred mainly during the wet season, between October 2015 and March 2016. During the 2010 drought, positive active fire anomalies resulted from the simultaneous increase of burned forest, non-forest vegetation and productive lands. During the 2015/2016 drought, however, this increase was dominated by burned forests. The two analyzed droughts emitted together 0.47 Pg CO2, with 0.23 Pg CO2 in 2010, 0.15 Pg CO2 in 2015 and 0.09 Pg CO2 in 2016, which represented, respectively, 209%, 136%, 82% of annual Brazil’s national target for reducing carbon emissions from deforestation by 2017 (approximately 0.11 Pg CO2 year-1 from 2006 to 2017). Finally, we anticipate that the increase of fires during the droughts showed here may intensify and can become more frequent in Amazonia due to changes in climatic variability if no regulations on fire use are implemented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:59:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18c04ddb5635414fbdb53d63446a4d61 |
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| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T11:59:43Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-18c04ddb5635414fbdb53d63446a4d612022-12-21T23:47:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632019-05-01710.3389/feart.2019.00097426346Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian DroughtsCelso H. L. Silva Junior0Celso H. L. Silva Junior1Liana O. Anderson2Liana O. Anderson3Alindomar L. Silva4Catherine T. Almeida5Catherine T. Almeida6Ricardo Dalagnol7Ricardo Dalagnol8Mikhaela A. J. S. Pletsch9Thales V. Penha10Rennan A. Paloschi11Luiz E. O. C. Aragão12Luiz E. O. C. Aragão13Luiz E. O. C. Aragão14Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilTropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilTropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilTropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilTropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, BrazilNational Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, BrazilCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United KingdomExtreme droughts in Amazonia cause anomalous increase in fire occurrence, disrupting the stability of environmental, social, and economic systems. Thus, understanding how droughts affect fire patterns in this region is essential for anticipating and planning actions for remediation of possible impacts. Focused on the Brazilian Amazon biome, we investigated fire responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian droughts using remote sensing data. Our results revealed that the 2015/2016 drought surpassed the 2010 drought in intensity and extent. During the 2010 drought, we found a maximum area of 846,800 km2 (24% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) with significant (p ≤ 0.05) rainfall decrease in the first trimester, while during the 2015/2016 the maximum area reached 1,702,800 km2 (47% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) in the last trimester of 2015. On the other hand, the 2010 drought had a maximum area of 840,400 km2 (23% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) with significant (p ≤ 0.05) land surface temperature increase in the first trimester, while during the 2015/2016 drought the maximum area was 2,188,800 km2 (61% of the Brazilian Amazon biome) in the last trimester of 2015. Unlike the 2010 drought, during the 2015/2016 drought, significant positive anomalies of active fire and CO2 emissions occurred mainly during the wet season, between October 2015 and March 2016. During the 2010 drought, positive active fire anomalies resulted from the simultaneous increase of burned forest, non-forest vegetation and productive lands. During the 2015/2016 drought, however, this increase was dominated by burned forests. The two analyzed droughts emitted together 0.47 Pg CO2, with 0.23 Pg CO2 in 2010, 0.15 Pg CO2 in 2015 and 0.09 Pg CO2 in 2016, which represented, respectively, 209%, 136%, 82% of annual Brazil’s national target for reducing carbon emissions from deforestation by 2017 (approximately 0.11 Pg CO2 year-1 from 2006 to 2017). Finally, we anticipate that the increase of fires during the droughts showed here may intensify and can become more frequent in Amazonia due to changes in climatic variability if no regulations on fire use are implemented.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2019.00097/fullold-growth foresttemperaturerainfallremote sensingCHIRPSMODIS |
| spellingShingle | Celso H. L. Silva Junior Celso H. L. Silva Junior Liana O. Anderson Liana O. Anderson Alindomar L. Silva Catherine T. Almeida Catherine T. Almeida Ricardo Dalagnol Ricardo Dalagnol Mikhaela A. J. S. Pletsch Thales V. Penha Rennan A. Paloschi Luiz E. O. C. Aragão Luiz E. O. C. Aragão Luiz E. O. C. Aragão Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts Frontiers in Earth Science old-growth forest temperature rainfall remote sensing CHIRPS MODIS |
| title | Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts |
| title_full | Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts |
| title_fullStr | Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts |
| title_short | Fire Responses to the 2010 and 2015/2016 Amazonian Droughts |
| title_sort | fire responses to the 2010 and 2015 2016 amazonian droughts |
| topic | old-growth forest temperature rainfall remote sensing CHIRPS MODIS |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2019.00097/full |
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