Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment
Abstract Astaxanthin is an important ketocarotenoid widely used in industries. However, its application is limited because of its low yield. Sodium citrate (Na-citrate), one of the major carbon sources for microorganisms, can promote cell growth and product accumulation. The basidiomycetous red yeas...
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SpringerOpen
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Bioresources and Bioprocessing |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-023-00650-7 |
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| author | Xueshan Pan Tonggang Li Baobei Wang Shuhua Qi Dandan Yang Zheng Huang Renfei Gao Jingyan Li Xueping Ling Yinghua Lu |
| author_facet | Xueshan Pan Tonggang Li Baobei Wang Shuhua Qi Dandan Yang Zheng Huang Renfei Gao Jingyan Li Xueping Ling Yinghua Lu |
| author_sort | Xueshan Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Astaxanthin is an important ketocarotenoid widely used in industries. However, its application is limited because of its low yield. Sodium citrate (Na-citrate), one of the major carbon sources for microorganisms, can promote cell growth and product accumulation. The basidiomycetous red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous was thus used to study the effect of Na-citrate on cell growth and astaxanthin synthesis. The highest biomass and astaxanthin yield (6.0 g/L and 22.5 mg/L) were obtained in shake-flask when 3 g/L Na-citrate was added at 24 h and were 1.8 and 2.0 times higher than those of the control group, respectively. Furthermore, metabolomics and real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis were conducted to study the metabolic pathways of X. dendrorhous in response to Na-citrate. The qRT-PCR assay revealed that Na-citrate facilitated glucose consumption, promoted the metabolic flux from glycolysis, and regulated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, providing more energy and substrates for the synthesis of astaxanthin. The gene analysis revealed that adding Na-citrate significantly upregulated the expression of six key genes (ICL, HMGS, crtE, crtYB, crtI, and crtS) involved in pathways related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. These results suggest that exogenous Na-citrate treatment is a potentially valuable strategy to stimulate astaxanthin production in X. dendrorhous. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:12:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18c62601757e48259754a7008d005c92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2197-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:12:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Bioresources and Bioprocessing |
| spelling | doaj.art-18c62601757e48259754a7008d005c922023-04-30T11:05:50ZengSpringerOpenBioresources and Bioprocessing2197-43652023-04-0110111610.1186/s40643-023-00650-7Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatmentXueshan Pan0Tonggang Li1Baobei Wang2Shuhua Qi3Dandan Yang4Zheng Huang5Renfei Gao6Jingyan Li7Xueping Ling8Yinghua Lu9Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeDepartment of Hygiene, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical CollegeCollege of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal UniversityDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen UniversityAbstract Astaxanthin is an important ketocarotenoid widely used in industries. However, its application is limited because of its low yield. Sodium citrate (Na-citrate), one of the major carbon sources for microorganisms, can promote cell growth and product accumulation. The basidiomycetous red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous was thus used to study the effect of Na-citrate on cell growth and astaxanthin synthesis. The highest biomass and astaxanthin yield (6.0 g/L and 22.5 mg/L) were obtained in shake-flask when 3 g/L Na-citrate was added at 24 h and were 1.8 and 2.0 times higher than those of the control group, respectively. Furthermore, metabolomics and real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis were conducted to study the metabolic pathways of X. dendrorhous in response to Na-citrate. The qRT-PCR assay revealed that Na-citrate facilitated glucose consumption, promoted the metabolic flux from glycolysis, and regulated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, providing more energy and substrates for the synthesis of astaxanthin. The gene analysis revealed that adding Na-citrate significantly upregulated the expression of six key genes (ICL, HMGS, crtE, crtYB, crtI, and crtS) involved in pathways related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. These results suggest that exogenous Na-citrate treatment is a potentially valuable strategy to stimulate astaxanthin production in X. dendrorhous.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-023-00650-7Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousAstaxanthinNa-citrateMetabolomicsGene expression |
| spellingShingle | Xueshan Pan Tonggang Li Baobei Wang Shuhua Qi Dandan Yang Zheng Huang Renfei Gao Jingyan Li Xueping Ling Yinghua Lu Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment Bioresources and Bioprocessing Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous Astaxanthin Na-citrate Metabolomics Gene expression |
| title | Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment |
| title_full | Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment |
| title_short | Metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment |
| title_sort | metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in response to sodium citrate treatment |
| topic | Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous Astaxanthin Na-citrate Metabolomics Gene expression |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-023-00650-7 |
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