Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two Gyroscopes
A recently designed gait phase detection (GPD) system, with the ability to detect all seven phases of gait in healthy adults, was modified for GPD in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A shank-attached gyroscope sent angular velocity to a rule-based algorithm in LabVIEW to identify the distinct char...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2517 |
| _version_ | 1811298524911894528 |
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| author | Ahad Behboodi Nicole Zahradka Henry Wright James Alesi Samuel. C. K. Lee |
| author_facet | Ahad Behboodi Nicole Zahradka Henry Wright James Alesi Samuel. C. K. Lee |
| author_sort | Ahad Behboodi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A recently designed gait phase detection (GPD) system, with the ability to detect all seven phases of gait in healthy adults, was modified for GPD in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A shank-attached gyroscope sent angular velocity to a rule-based algorithm in LabVIEW to identify the distinct characteristics of the signal. Seven typically developing children (TD) and five children with CP were asked to walk on treadmill at their self-selected speed while using this system. Using only shank angular velocity, all seven phases of gait (Loading Response, Mid-Stance, Terminal Stance, Pre-Swing, Initial Swing, Mid-Swing and Terminal Swing) were reliably detected in real time. System performance was validated against two established GPD methods: (1) force-sensing resistors (GPD-FSR) (for typically developing children) and (2) motion capture (GPD-MoCap) (for both typically developing children and children with CP). The system detected over 99% of the phases identified by GPD-FSR and GPD-MoCap. Absolute values of average gait phase onset detection deviations relative to GPD-MoCap were less than 100 ms for both TD children and children with CP. The newly designed system, with minimized sensor setup and low processing burden, is cosmetic and economical, making it a viable solution for real-time stand-alone and portable applications such as triggering functional electrical stimulation (FES) in rehabilitation systems. This paper verifies the applicability of the GPD system to identify specific gait events for triggering FES to enhance gait in children with CP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:21:31Z |
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| id | doaj.art-18cc55fbf19344a68c6a11d18af20194 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:21:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-18cc55fbf19344a68c6a11d18af201942022-12-22T02:58:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-06-011911251710.3390/s19112517s19112517Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two GyroscopesAhad Behboodi0Nicole Zahradka1Henry Wright2James Alesi3Samuel. C. K. Lee4Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USABiomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USADepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USADepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USABiomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USAA recently designed gait phase detection (GPD) system, with the ability to detect all seven phases of gait in healthy adults, was modified for GPD in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A shank-attached gyroscope sent angular velocity to a rule-based algorithm in LabVIEW to identify the distinct characteristics of the signal. Seven typically developing children (TD) and five children with CP were asked to walk on treadmill at their self-selected speed while using this system. Using only shank angular velocity, all seven phases of gait (Loading Response, Mid-Stance, Terminal Stance, Pre-Swing, Initial Swing, Mid-Swing and Terminal Swing) were reliably detected in real time. System performance was validated against two established GPD methods: (1) force-sensing resistors (GPD-FSR) (for typically developing children) and (2) motion capture (GPD-MoCap) (for both typically developing children and children with CP). The system detected over 99% of the phases identified by GPD-FSR and GPD-MoCap. Absolute values of average gait phase onset detection deviations relative to GPD-MoCap were less than 100 ms for both TD children and children with CP. The newly designed system, with minimized sensor setup and low processing burden, is cosmetic and economical, making it a viable solution for real-time stand-alone and portable applications such as triggering functional electrical stimulation (FES) in rehabilitation systems. This paper verifies the applicability of the GPD system to identify specific gait events for triggering FES to enhance gait in children with CP.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2517cerebral palsy (CP)functional electrical stimulation (FES)gait analysisgait eventgait phase detection (GPD)gait pathologymotion capture |
| spellingShingle | Ahad Behboodi Nicole Zahradka Henry Wright James Alesi Samuel. C. K. Lee Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two Gyroscopes Sensors cerebral palsy (CP) functional electrical stimulation (FES) gait analysis gait event gait phase detection (GPD) gait pathology motion capture |
| title | Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two Gyroscopes |
| title_full | Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two Gyroscopes |
| title_fullStr | Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two Gyroscopes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two Gyroscopes |
| title_short | Real-Time Detection of Seven Phases of Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Two Gyroscopes |
| title_sort | real time detection of seven phases of gait in children with cerebral palsy using two gyroscopes |
| topic | cerebral palsy (CP) functional electrical stimulation (FES) gait analysis gait event gait phase detection (GPD) gait pathology motion capture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/11/2517 |
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