Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties
Secondary metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques after being extracted sequentially from the roots of <i>Artemisia afra</i> using organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-fungal, ant...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3369 |
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| author | Tumelo L. Molokoane Douglas Kemboi Xavier Siwe-Noundou Ibukun M. Famuyide Lyndy J. McGaw Vuyelwa J. Tembu |
| author_facet | Tumelo L. Molokoane Douglas Kemboi Xavier Siwe-Noundou Ibukun M. Famuyide Lyndy J. McGaw Vuyelwa J. Tembu |
| author_sort | Tumelo L. Molokoane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Secondary metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques after being extracted sequentially from the roots of <i>Artemisia afra</i> using organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxicity activities. Spectroscopic techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds. The phytochemical investigation of <i>A. afra</i> led to the isolation of eight (<b>A</b>–<b>H</b>) compounds which were identified as 3<i>β</i>-taraxerol (<b>A</b>), 3<i>β</i>-taraxerol acetate (<b>B</b>), dodecyl-<i>p</i>-coumarate (<b>C</b>), ferulic acid (<b>D</b>), scopoletin (<b>E</b>), sitosterol-3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucopyranoside (<b>F</b>), 3,5-di-<i>O</i>-feruloylquinic acid (<b>G</b>) and Isofraxidin-7-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucopyranoside (<b>H</b>) based on spectroscopic data. Compounds <b>A</b>, <b>B</b>, <b>C</b>, <b>F</b>, <b>G</b>, and <b>H</b> are known but were isolated for the first time from the roots of <i>A. afra</i>. The isolated compounds and extracts from <i>A. afra</i> exhibited good anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts (0.078 mg/mL) and compound <b>E</b> (62.5 µg/mL) showed good activities against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Compounds <b>C</b> and <b>F</b> also showed good activity against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. Extracts and compounds (<b>A</b>–<b>H</b>) exhibited anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and showed no toxicity when tested on Vero monkey kidney (Vero) cells. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:37:25Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-18d558e51cab499890ab52e3ae94536a2023-11-19T14:53:26ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011219336910.3390/plants12193369Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal PropertiesTumelo L. Molokoane0Douglas Kemboi1Xavier Siwe-Noundou2Ibukun M. Famuyide3Lyndy J. McGaw4Vuyelwa J. Tembu5Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South AfricaPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaPhytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaSecondary metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques after being extracted sequentially from the roots of <i>Artemisia afra</i> using organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxicity activities. Spectroscopic techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds. The phytochemical investigation of <i>A. afra</i> led to the isolation of eight (<b>A</b>–<b>H</b>) compounds which were identified as 3<i>β</i>-taraxerol (<b>A</b>), 3<i>β</i>-taraxerol acetate (<b>B</b>), dodecyl-<i>p</i>-coumarate (<b>C</b>), ferulic acid (<b>D</b>), scopoletin (<b>E</b>), sitosterol-3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucopyranoside (<b>F</b>), 3,5-di-<i>O</i>-feruloylquinic acid (<b>G</b>) and Isofraxidin-7-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucopyranoside (<b>H</b>) based on spectroscopic data. Compounds <b>A</b>, <b>B</b>, <b>C</b>, <b>F</b>, <b>G</b>, and <b>H</b> are known but were isolated for the first time from the roots of <i>A. afra</i>. The isolated compounds and extracts from <i>A. afra</i> exhibited good anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts (0.078 mg/mL) and compound <b>E</b> (62.5 µg/mL) showed good activities against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Compounds <b>C</b> and <b>F</b> also showed good activity against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. Extracts and compounds (<b>A</b>–<b>H</b>) exhibited anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and showed no toxicity when tested on Vero monkey kidney (Vero) cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3369<i>Artemisia afra</i>extractivesanti-bacterialanti-fungalcytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Tumelo L. Molokoane Douglas Kemboi Xavier Siwe-Noundou Ibukun M. Famuyide Lyndy J. McGaw Vuyelwa J. Tembu Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties Plants <i>Artemisia afra</i> extractives anti-bacterial anti-fungal cytotoxicity |
| title | Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties |
| title_full | Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties |
| title_fullStr | Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties |
| title_short | Extractives from <i>Artemisia afra</i> with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties |
| title_sort | extractives from i artemisia afra i with anti bacterial and anti fungal properties |
| topic | <i>Artemisia afra</i> extractives anti-bacterial anti-fungal cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3369 |
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