Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production
Various technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and beneficial plant micro-organisms, have been applied to enhance plant growth and development. We aimed to develop appropriate technology by incorporating the benefits of LED light, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and arbuscul...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2458 |
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| author | Apisit Songsaeng Panlada Tittabutr Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn Nantakorn Boonkerd Jenjira Wongdee Pongpan Songwattana Pongdet Piromyou Teerana Greetatorn Teerayoot Girdthai Neung Teaumroong |
| author_facet | Apisit Songsaeng Panlada Tittabutr Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn Nantakorn Boonkerd Jenjira Wongdee Pongpan Songwattana Pongdet Piromyou Teerana Greetatorn Teerayoot Girdthai Neung Teaumroong |
| author_sort | Apisit Songsaeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and beneficial plant micro-organisms, have been applied to enhance plant growth and development. We aimed to develop appropriate technology by incorporating the benefits of LED light, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) into sweet girl cherry tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) seedling production. Our results demonstrated that incorporating red (R) and blue (B) LED lights, PGPR, and AMF positively affected tomato seedling growth. The optimal lighting conditions for tomato seedling growth were LEDs at 200 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>mol/m<sup>2</sup>/s with a ratio of R60:B40 and 20 h/d exposure. The optimum LED-illuminated tomato seedlings significantly upregulated photosynthesis-related genes, including <i>psbA</i>, <i>psbB</i>, <i>fdx</i>, <i>atpB,</i> and <i>rb</i>c<i>L</i>. Plants inoculated with PGPR <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. SUTN9-2, <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> SD10 and <i>B. megaterium</i> A20 had a high health index after inoculation. Furthermore, the optimized LED-illuminated tomato seedlings inoculated with SD10 had the highest health index. In addition, the optimum LED-illuminated tomato seedlings inoculated with SD10 and AMF had the highest biomass. Our experiment demonstrated that tomato seedlings produced under optimized LED lights inoculated with SD10 and AMF increased yield by about 16% under field conditions. Therefore, these results provided the optimum conditions for a high-quality tomato seedling production system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:53:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18d6906300f24397a1c80da846cfe8f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:53:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-18d6906300f24397a1c80da846cfe8f12023-11-23T22:27:30ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-10-011210245810.3390/agronomy12102458Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling ProductionApisit Songsaeng0Panlada Tittabutr1Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn2Nantakorn Boonkerd3Jenjira Wongdee4Pongpan Songwattana5Pongdet Piromyou6Teerana Greetatorn7Teerayoot Girdthai8Neung Teaumroong9School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand Various technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and beneficial plant micro-organisms, have been applied to enhance plant growth and development. We aimed to develop appropriate technology by incorporating the benefits of LED light, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) into sweet girl cherry tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) seedling production. Our results demonstrated that incorporating red (R) and blue (B) LED lights, PGPR, and AMF positively affected tomato seedling growth. The optimal lighting conditions for tomato seedling growth were LEDs at 200 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>mol/m<sup>2</sup>/s with a ratio of R60:B40 and 20 h/d exposure. The optimum LED-illuminated tomato seedlings significantly upregulated photosynthesis-related genes, including <i>psbA</i>, <i>psbB</i>, <i>fdx</i>, <i>atpB,</i> and <i>rb</i>c<i>L</i>. Plants inoculated with PGPR <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> sp. SUTN9-2, <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> SD10 and <i>B. megaterium</i> A20 had a high health index after inoculation. Furthermore, the optimized LED-illuminated tomato seedlings inoculated with SD10 had the highest health index. In addition, the optimum LED-illuminated tomato seedlings inoculated with SD10 and AMF had the highest biomass. Our experiment demonstrated that tomato seedlings produced under optimized LED lights inoculated with SD10 and AMF increased yield by about 16% under field conditions. Therefore, these results provided the optimum conditions for a high-quality tomato seedling production system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2458light-emitting diodeplant growth promoting rhizobacteriaarbuscular mycorrhiza fungitomato seedling |
| spellingShingle | Apisit Songsaeng Panlada Tittabutr Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn Nantakorn Boonkerd Jenjira Wongdee Pongpan Songwattana Pongdet Piromyou Teerana Greetatorn Teerayoot Girdthai Neung Teaumroong Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production Agronomy light-emitting diode plant growth promoting rhizobacteria arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi tomato seedling |
| title | Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production |
| title_full | Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production |
| title_fullStr | Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production |
| title_short | Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production |
| title_sort | application of light emitting diodes with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi for tomato seedling production |
| topic | light-emitting diode plant growth promoting rhizobacteria arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi tomato seedling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2458 |
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