Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops
Areas cultivated with Hass avocado crops in Colombia have growth rapidly. One of the major limitations is the avocado wilt complex disease (AWC) caused by biotic and abiotic factors which have increased under the El Niño southern oscillation ENSO phenomenon (El Niño, La Niña). The objective of this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/790 |
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| author | Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil Juan Camilo Henao-Rojas Juan Gonzalo Morales-Osorio |
| author_facet | Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil Juan Camilo Henao-Rojas Juan Gonzalo Morales-Osorio |
| author_sort | Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Areas cultivated with Hass avocado crops in Colombia have growth rapidly. One of the major limitations is the avocado wilt complex disease (AWC) caused by biotic and abiotic factors which have increased under the El Niño southern oscillation ENSO phenomenon (El Niño, La Niña). The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for mitigating the adverse effects associated with the ENSO phenomenon and AWC in avocado crops. We evaluated native materials, mulches, and parameters associated with the production of seedlings and planting practices in the field. The response variables tested were plant development, incidence, severity, mortality, and microbial dynamics, among others. The results indicated that native genotypes of <i>Persea americana</i> had different levels of adaptability to drought and flooding conditions. These genotypes also showed some degree of resistance to <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> and <i>Verticillium</i> sp. infection with several degrees of rootstock-scion incompatibility with the Hass cultivar. In addition, mulch reduced the variability of soil moisture and temperature in the soil profile. Adequate selection of genotypes and new tools for planting have decreased the susceptibility to adverse effects associated with the ENSO phenomenon and the incidence and mortality caused by diseases under drought and flooding conditions. This work presents alternatives to mitigate adverse effects of climate variability in avocado crops under tropical conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:54:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18ed18278d7a4f04b380031d6011fbc4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:54:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-18ed18278d7a4f04b380031d6011fbc42023-11-20T04:48:34ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-06-019679010.3390/plants9060790Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass CropsJoaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil0Juan Camilo Henao-Rojas1Juan Gonzalo Morales-Osorio2Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, sede Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá DC 111321, ColombiaCorporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación La Selva-Rionegro, Ríonegro-Llanograde 250047, ColombiaDepartamento de Ciencias Agronómicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, sede Medellín, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín 0550034, ColombiaAreas cultivated with Hass avocado crops in Colombia have growth rapidly. One of the major limitations is the avocado wilt complex disease (AWC) caused by biotic and abiotic factors which have increased under the El Niño southern oscillation ENSO phenomenon (El Niño, La Niña). The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for mitigating the adverse effects associated with the ENSO phenomenon and AWC in avocado crops. We evaluated native materials, mulches, and parameters associated with the production of seedlings and planting practices in the field. The response variables tested were plant development, incidence, severity, mortality, and microbial dynamics, among others. The results indicated that native genotypes of <i>Persea americana</i> had different levels of adaptability to drought and flooding conditions. These genotypes also showed some degree of resistance to <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> and <i>Verticillium</i> sp. infection with several degrees of rootstock-scion incompatibility with the Hass cultivar. In addition, mulch reduced the variability of soil moisture and temperature in the soil profile. Adequate selection of genotypes and new tools for planting have decreased the susceptibility to adverse effects associated with the ENSO phenomenon and the incidence and mortality caused by diseases under drought and flooding conditions. This work presents alternatives to mitigate adverse effects of climate variability in avocado crops under tropical conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/790native genotypessustainable managementclimatic variabilitystress reduction |
| spellingShingle | Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil Juan Camilo Henao-Rojas Juan Gonzalo Morales-Osorio Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops Plants native genotypes sustainable management climatic variability stress reduction |
| title | Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops |
| title_full | Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops |
| title_fullStr | Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops |
| title_short | Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops |
| title_sort | mitigation of the adverse effects of the el nino el nino la nina southern oscillation enso phenomenon and the most important diseases in avocado cv hass crops |
| topic | native genotypes sustainable management climatic variability stress reduction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/790 |
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