Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19
Mitochondria are vital intracellular organelles that play an important role in regulating various intracellular events such as metabolism, bioenergetics, cell death (apoptosis), and innate immune signaling. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and membrane potential play a central role in maintaining mito...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8180 |
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| author | Shailendra Pratap Singh Salomon Amar Pinky Gehlot Sanjib K. Patra Navjot Kanwar Abhinav Kanwal |
| author_facet | Shailendra Pratap Singh Salomon Amar Pinky Gehlot Sanjib K. Patra Navjot Kanwar Abhinav Kanwal |
| author_sort | Shailendra Pratap Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondria are vital intracellular organelles that play an important role in regulating various intracellular events such as metabolism, bioenergetics, cell death (apoptosis), and innate immune signaling. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and membrane potential play a central role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and the overall shape of mitochondria. Viruses change the dynamics of the mitochondria by altering the mitochondrial processes/functions, such as autophagy, mitophagy, and enzymes involved in metabolism. In addition, viruses decrease the supply of energy to the mitochondria in the form of ATP, causing viruses to create cellular stress by generating ROS in mitochondria to instigate viral proliferation, a process which causes both intra- and extra-mitochondrial damage. SARS-COV2 propagates through altering or changing various pathways, such as autophagy, UPR stress, MPTP and NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, these pathways act as potential targets for viruses to facilitate their proliferation. Autophagy plays an essential role in SARS-COV2-mediated COVID-19 and modulates autophagy by using various drugs that act on potential targets of the virus to inhibit and treat viral infection. Modulated autophagy inhibits coronavirus replication; thus, it becomes a promising target for anti-coronaviral therapy. This review gives immense knowledge about the infections, mitochondrial modulations, and therapeutic targets of viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:13:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-18f2c7859bca4a2ab6cb2f47ba76be0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:13:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-18f2c7859bca4a2ab6cb2f47ba76be0a2023-11-22T05:44:27ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-07-012215818010.3390/ijms22158180Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19Shailendra Pratap Singh0Salomon Amar1Pinky Gehlot2Sanjib K. Patra3Navjot Kanwar4Abhinav Kanwal5Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USADepartment of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USADepartment of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Yoga, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartmen of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, IndiaMitochondria are vital intracellular organelles that play an important role in regulating various intracellular events such as metabolism, bioenergetics, cell death (apoptosis), and innate immune signaling. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and membrane potential play a central role in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and the overall shape of mitochondria. Viruses change the dynamics of the mitochondria by altering the mitochondrial processes/functions, such as autophagy, mitophagy, and enzymes involved in metabolism. In addition, viruses decrease the supply of energy to the mitochondria in the form of ATP, causing viruses to create cellular stress by generating ROS in mitochondria to instigate viral proliferation, a process which causes both intra- and extra-mitochondrial damage. SARS-COV2 propagates through altering or changing various pathways, such as autophagy, UPR stress, MPTP and NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, these pathways act as potential targets for viruses to facilitate their proliferation. Autophagy plays an essential role in SARS-COV2-mediated COVID-19 and modulates autophagy by using various drugs that act on potential targets of the virus to inhibit and treat viral infection. Modulated autophagy inhibits coronavirus replication; thus, it becomes a promising target for anti-coronaviral therapy. This review gives immense knowledge about the infections, mitochondrial modulations, and therapeutic targets of viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8180mitochondriaSARS-COV2potential targetsautophagyCOVID-19viral infections |
| spellingShingle | Shailendra Pratap Singh Salomon Amar Pinky Gehlot Sanjib K. Patra Navjot Kanwar Abhinav Kanwal Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19 International Journal of Molecular Sciences mitochondria SARS-COV2 potential targets autophagy COVID-19 viral infections |
| title | Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19 |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19 |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19 |
| title_sort | mitochondrial modulations autophagy pathways shifts in viral infections consequences of covid 19 |
| topic | mitochondria SARS-COV2 potential targets autophagy COVID-19 viral infections |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8180 |
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