Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in China
Panax ginseng rusty root rot caused by the Ilyonectria species complex is a devastating disease, and it is one of the main factors contributing to the difficulty in continual cropping. Rusty root rot occurs in all ginseng fields, but little is known about the taxonomy of the fungal pathogen complex,...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.618942/full |
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| author | Yi Ming Guan Yi Ming Guan Ying Ying Ma Qiao Jin Qiu Xia Wang Ning Liu Yong Ping Fu Ya Yu Zhang Yu Li |
| author_facet | Yi Ming Guan Yi Ming Guan Ying Ying Ma Qiao Jin Qiu Xia Wang Ning Liu Yong Ping Fu Ya Yu Zhang Yu Li |
| author_sort | Yi Ming Guan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Panax ginseng rusty root rot caused by the Ilyonectria species complex is a devastating disease, and it is one of the main factors contributing to the difficulty in continual cropping. Rusty root rot occurs in all ginseng fields, but little is known about the taxonomy of the fungal pathogen complex, especially Ilyonectria and Ilyonectria-like species. Rusty root rot samples were collected from commercial ginseng cultivation areas of China, and the pathogens were isolated and purified as single spores. Based on the combination analysis of multiple loci (rDNA-ITS, TUB, HIS3, TEF, ACT, LSU, RPB1, RPB2, and SSU) and morphological characteristics, the pathogens causing ginseng rusty root rot were determined. Fungal isolates were obtained from infected roots in 56 locations within main cultivation areas in China. A total of 766 strains were identified as Ilyonectria, Ilyonectria-like and Rhexocercosporidium species, including I. robusta (55.0%), I. communis (21.7%), I. mors-panacis (10.9%), I. pseudodestructans (2.0%), I. changbaiensis (1.3%), I. qitaiheensis (1.3%), Neonectria obtusispora (2.0%), Dactylonectria torresensis (0.5%), D. sp. (0.5%), and R. panacis (1.5%), and four novel species, Thelonectria ginsengicola (1.0%), T. jixiensis (1.0%), T. mulanensis (0.8%) and T. fusongensis (0.5%), with a total of 14 species. As the pathogen present in the highest proportion, I. robusta was the most prevalent and damaging species, unlike the pathogens reported previously. All of the examined strains were proven to cause ginseng rusty root rot. Our results indicate that the taxonomy of the fungal complex associated with ginseng rusty root rot includes Ilyonectria, Ilyonectria-like genera (Dactylonectria, Neonectria, and Thelonectria) and Rhexocercosporidium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T09:09:04Z |
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| id | doaj.art-190f104d114b4dbfa4d30c28fde21cb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-190f104d114b4dbfa4d30c28fde21cb92022-12-21T19:45:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-12-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.618942618942Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in ChinaYi Ming Guan0Yi Ming Guan1Ying Ying Ma2Qiao Jin3Qiu Xia Wang4Ning Liu5Yong Ping Fu6Ya Yu Zhang7Yu Li8Engineering Research Center, Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaInstitute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaInstitute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaInstitute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaInstitute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaInstitute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaEngineering Research Center, Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaInstitute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaEngineering Research Center, Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaPanax ginseng rusty root rot caused by the Ilyonectria species complex is a devastating disease, and it is one of the main factors contributing to the difficulty in continual cropping. Rusty root rot occurs in all ginseng fields, but little is known about the taxonomy of the fungal pathogen complex, especially Ilyonectria and Ilyonectria-like species. Rusty root rot samples were collected from commercial ginseng cultivation areas of China, and the pathogens were isolated and purified as single spores. Based on the combination analysis of multiple loci (rDNA-ITS, TUB, HIS3, TEF, ACT, LSU, RPB1, RPB2, and SSU) and morphological characteristics, the pathogens causing ginseng rusty root rot were determined. Fungal isolates were obtained from infected roots in 56 locations within main cultivation areas in China. A total of 766 strains were identified as Ilyonectria, Ilyonectria-like and Rhexocercosporidium species, including I. robusta (55.0%), I. communis (21.7%), I. mors-panacis (10.9%), I. pseudodestructans (2.0%), I. changbaiensis (1.3%), I. qitaiheensis (1.3%), Neonectria obtusispora (2.0%), Dactylonectria torresensis (0.5%), D. sp. (0.5%), and R. panacis (1.5%), and four novel species, Thelonectria ginsengicola (1.0%), T. jixiensis (1.0%), T. mulanensis (0.8%) and T. fusongensis (0.5%), with a total of 14 species. As the pathogen present in the highest proportion, I. robusta was the most prevalent and damaging species, unlike the pathogens reported previously. All of the examined strains were proven to cause ginseng rusty root rot. Our results indicate that the taxonomy of the fungal complex associated with ginseng rusty root rot includes Ilyonectria, Ilyonectria-like genera (Dactylonectria, Neonectria, and Thelonectria) and Rhexocercosporidium.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.618942/fullDactylonectriaIlyonectriaIlyonectria-likeNeonectriaPanax ginsengRhexocercosporidium |
| spellingShingle | Yi Ming Guan Yi Ming Guan Ying Ying Ma Qiao Jin Qiu Xia Wang Ning Liu Yong Ping Fu Ya Yu Zhang Yu Li Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in China Frontiers in Microbiology Dactylonectria Ilyonectria Ilyonectria-like Neonectria Panax ginseng Rhexocercosporidium |
| title | Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in China |
| title_full | Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in China |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in China |
| title_short | Multi-Locus Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Fungal Complex Associated With Rusty Root Rot of Panax ginseng in China |
| title_sort | multi locus phylogeny and taxonomy of the fungal complex associated with rusty root rot of panax ginseng in china |
| topic | Dactylonectria Ilyonectria Ilyonectria-like Neonectria Panax ginseng Rhexocercosporidium |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.618942/full |
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