Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar Metals
Understanding heat and mass transfer and fluid flow in the molten pool is very helpful in the selection and optimization of processing parameters, and the surface-active element has an important effect on the heat and mass transfer in laser welding of dissimilar metals. A three-dimensional (3D) nume...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/7/2609 |
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| author | Zhuang Shu Gang Yu Binxin Dong Xiuli He Zhiyong Li Shaoxia Li |
| author_facet | Zhuang Shu Gang Yu Binxin Dong Xiuli He Zhiyong Li Shaoxia Li |
| author_sort | Zhuang Shu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding heat and mass transfer and fluid flow in the molten pool is very helpful in the selection and optimization of processing parameters, and the surface-active element has an important effect on the heat and mass transfer in laser welding of dissimilar metals. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model coupled with a sub-model of surface tension, which considers the influence of local temperature and the concentration of surface-active element sulfur at the gas/liquid surface, is used to analyze the thermal behavior, driving forces, fluid flow, and solute dilution during laser linear welding of 304SS and Ni. The relationship between surface tension, driving forces, and the temperature coefficient of surface tension with the spatial distribution of temperature and the surface-active element sulfur is quantitatively analyzed. The simulation results show that the molten pool is fully developed at 45 ms, and the collision of inward and outward convection, with the maximum velocity reaching 1.7 m/s, occurs at the isotherm with a temperature between 2200 K and 2500 K. The temperature-gradient term and concentration-gradient term of surface shear stress play different roles in different positions of the free surface. The local sulfur concentration changes the temperature sensitivity of the surface tension at different sides of the free surface and further determines the transition of convection. Complex fluid flow promotes solute dilution, and the distribution of solute becomes uniform from the front to the rear of the molten pool. The Ni element is transferred to 304SS mainly at the rear side. The work provides theoretical support for the control of joint quality by changing the content of surface-active elements in dissimilar welding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:32:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19115bffeb334524ae54cc5288751648 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:32:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-19115bffeb334524ae54cc52887516482023-11-17T17:02:29ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-03-01167260910.3390/ma16072609Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar MetalsZhuang Shu0Gang Yu1Binxin Dong2Xiuli He3Zhiyong Li4Shaoxia Li5Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaUnderstanding heat and mass transfer and fluid flow in the molten pool is very helpful in the selection and optimization of processing parameters, and the surface-active element has an important effect on the heat and mass transfer in laser welding of dissimilar metals. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model coupled with a sub-model of surface tension, which considers the influence of local temperature and the concentration of surface-active element sulfur at the gas/liquid surface, is used to analyze the thermal behavior, driving forces, fluid flow, and solute dilution during laser linear welding of 304SS and Ni. The relationship between surface tension, driving forces, and the temperature coefficient of surface tension with the spatial distribution of temperature and the surface-active element sulfur is quantitatively analyzed. The simulation results show that the molten pool is fully developed at 45 ms, and the collision of inward and outward convection, with the maximum velocity reaching 1.7 m/s, occurs at the isotherm with a temperature between 2200 K and 2500 K. The temperature-gradient term and concentration-gradient term of surface shear stress play different roles in different positions of the free surface. The local sulfur concentration changes the temperature sensitivity of the surface tension at different sides of the free surface and further determines the transition of convection. Complex fluid flow promotes solute dilution, and the distribution of solute becomes uniform from the front to the rear of the molten pool. The Ni element is transferred to 304SS mainly at the rear side. The work provides theoretical support for the control of joint quality by changing the content of surface-active elements in dissimilar welding.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/7/2609laser dissimilar weldingsurface-active elementdriving forcesheat transfermass transfer |
| spellingShingle | Zhuang Shu Gang Yu Binxin Dong Xiuli He Zhiyong Li Shaoxia Li Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar Metals Materials laser dissimilar welding surface-active element driving forces heat transfer mass transfer |
| title | Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar Metals |
| title_full | Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar Metals |
| title_fullStr | Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar Metals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar Metals |
| title_short | Role of Surface-Active Element Sulfur on Thermal Behavior, Driving Forces, Fluid Flow and Solute Dilution in Laser Linear Welding of Dissimilar Metals |
| title_sort | role of surface active element sulfur on thermal behavior driving forces fluid flow and solute dilution in laser linear welding of dissimilar metals |
| topic | laser dissimilar welding surface-active element driving forces heat transfer mass transfer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/7/2609 |
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