Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel
Phenolamides are important secondary metabolites in plant species. They play important roles in plant defense responses against pathogens and insect herbivores, protection against UV irradiation and floral induction and development. However, the accumulation and variation in phenolamides content in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1376405/full |
| _version_ | 1827286682678853632 |
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| author | Min Deng Qingping Zeng Songqin Liu Min Jin Hongbing Luo Jingyun Luo |
| author_facet | Min Deng Qingping Zeng Songqin Liu Min Jin Hongbing Luo Jingyun Luo |
| author_sort | Min Deng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenolamides are important secondary metabolites in plant species. They play important roles in plant defense responses against pathogens and insect herbivores, protection against UV irradiation and floral induction and development. However, the accumulation and variation in phenolamides content in diverse maize lines and the genes responsible for their biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, we combined genetic mapping, protein regulatory network and bioinformatics analysis to further enhance the understanding of maize phenolamides biosynthesis. Sixteen phenolamides were identified in multiple populations, and they were all significantly correlated with one or several of 19 phenotypic traits. By linkage mapping, 58, 58, 39 and 67 QTLs, with an average of 3.9, 3.6, 3.6 and 4.2 QTLs for each trait were mapped in BBE1, BBE2, ZYE1 and ZYE2, explaining 9.47%, 10.78%, 9.51% and 11.40% phenotypic variation for each QTL on average, respectively. By GWAS, 39 and 36 significant loci were detected in two different environments, 3.3 and 2.8 loci for each trait, explaining 10.00% and 9.97% phenotypic variation for each locus on average, respectively. Totally, 58 unique candidate genes were identified, 31% of them encoding enzymes involved in amine and derivative metabolic processes. Gene Ontology term analysis of the 358 protein-protein interrelated genes revealed significant enrichment in terms relating to cellular nitrogen metabolism, amine metabolism. GRMZM2G066142, GRMZM2G066049, GRMZM2G165390 and GRMZM2G159587 were further validated involvement in phenolamides biosynthesis. Our results provide insights into the genetic basis of phenolamides biosynthesis in maize kernels, understanding phenolamides biosynthesis and its nutritional content and ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1911a789e722437685a25c4f9fba38d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1911a789e722437685a25c4f9fba38d02024-04-12T13:23:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-04-011510.3389/fpls.2024.13764051376405Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernelMin Deng0Qingping Zeng1Songqin Liu2Min Jin3Hongbing Luo4Jingyun Luo5College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaPhenolamides are important secondary metabolites in plant species. They play important roles in plant defense responses against pathogens and insect herbivores, protection against UV irradiation and floral induction and development. However, the accumulation and variation in phenolamides content in diverse maize lines and the genes responsible for their biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, we combined genetic mapping, protein regulatory network and bioinformatics analysis to further enhance the understanding of maize phenolamides biosynthesis. Sixteen phenolamides were identified in multiple populations, and they were all significantly correlated with one or several of 19 phenotypic traits. By linkage mapping, 58, 58, 39 and 67 QTLs, with an average of 3.9, 3.6, 3.6 and 4.2 QTLs for each trait were mapped in BBE1, BBE2, ZYE1 and ZYE2, explaining 9.47%, 10.78%, 9.51% and 11.40% phenotypic variation for each QTL on average, respectively. By GWAS, 39 and 36 significant loci were detected in two different environments, 3.3 and 2.8 loci for each trait, explaining 10.00% and 9.97% phenotypic variation for each locus on average, respectively. Totally, 58 unique candidate genes were identified, 31% of them encoding enzymes involved in amine and derivative metabolic processes. Gene Ontology term analysis of the 358 protein-protein interrelated genes revealed significant enrichment in terms relating to cellular nitrogen metabolism, amine metabolism. GRMZM2G066142, GRMZM2G066049, GRMZM2G165390 and GRMZM2G159587 were further validated involvement in phenolamides biosynthesis. Our results provide insights into the genetic basis of phenolamides biosynthesis in maize kernels, understanding phenolamides biosynthesis and its nutritional content and ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stress.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1376405/fullmaizephenolamidesassociation analysislinkage mappingprotein-protein network |
| spellingShingle | Min Deng Qingping Zeng Songqin Liu Min Jin Hongbing Luo Jingyun Luo Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel Frontiers in Plant Science maize phenolamides association analysis linkage mapping protein-protein network |
| title | Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel |
| title_full | Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel |
| title_fullStr | Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel |
| title_short | Combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel |
| title_sort | combining association with linkage mapping to dissect the phenolamides metabolism of the maize kernel |
| topic | maize phenolamides association analysis linkage mapping protein-protein network |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1376405/full |
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