Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain
Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiati...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/8/1193 |
| _version_ | 1797585369273729024 |
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| author | Nandita Menon Anil Kishen |
| author_facet | Nandita Menon Anil Kishen |
| author_sort | Nandita Menon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:05:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1915deed95e24e7a83315e86c3b95ba0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:05:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1915deed95e24e7a83315e86c3b95ba02023-11-19T00:23:32ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2023-07-01138119310.3390/biom13081193Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with PainNandita Menon0Anil Kishen1Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, CanadaDental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, CanadaPeriradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/8/1193nociceptorsmacrophagesneuropeptidessubstance PCalcitonin Gene-Related Peptidepain |
| spellingShingle | Nandita Menon Anil Kishen Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain Biomolecules nociceptors macrophages neuropeptides substance P Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide pain |
| title | Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain |
| title_full | Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain |
| title_fullStr | Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain |
| title_short | Nociceptor–Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain |
| title_sort | nociceptor macrophage interactions in apical periodontitis how biomolecules link inflammation with pain |
| topic | nociceptors macrophages neuropeptides substance P Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide pain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/8/1193 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nanditamenon nociceptormacrophageinteractionsinapicalperiodontitishowbiomoleculeslinkinflammationwithpain AT anilkishen nociceptormacrophageinteractionsinapicalperiodontitishowbiomoleculeslinkinflammationwithpain |