Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel
Accurate dosimetric verification is becoming increasingly important in radiotherapy. Although polymer gel dosimetry may be useful for verifying complex 3D dose distributions, it has limitations for clinical application due to its strong reactivity with oxygen and other contaminants. Therefore, it is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/2/146 |
| _version_ | 1797298123522965504 |
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| author | Minsik Lee Seonyeong Noh Jun-Bong Shin Jungwon Kwak Chiyoung Jeong |
| author_facet | Minsik Lee Seonyeong Noh Jun-Bong Shin Jungwon Kwak Chiyoung Jeong |
| author_sort | Minsik Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurate dosimetric verification is becoming increasingly important in radiotherapy. Although polymer gel dosimetry may be useful for verifying complex 3D dose distributions, it has limitations for clinical application due to its strong reactivity with oxygen and other contaminants. Therefore, it is important that the material of the gel storage container blocks reaction with external contaminants. In this study, we tested the effect of air and the chemical permeability of various polymer-based 3D printing materials that can be used as gel containers. A methacrylic acid, gelatin, and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride gel was used. Five types of printing materials that can be applied to the fused deposition modeling (FDM)-type 3D printer were compared: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), co-polyester (CPE), polycarbonate (PC), polylactic acid (PLA), and polypropylene (PP) (reference: glass vial). The map of R2 (1/T2) relaxation rates for each material, obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans, was analyzed. Additionally, response histograms and dose calibration curves from the R2 map were evaluated. The R2 distribution showed that CPE had sharper boundaries than the other materials, and the profile gradient of CPE was also closest to the reference vial. Histograms and dose calibration showed that CPE provided the most homogeneous and the highest relative response of 83.5%, with 8.6% root mean square error, compared with the reference vial. These results indicate that CPE is a reasonable material for the FDM-type 3D printing gel container. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1924285079704ecd803cbcb28d8e364c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:31:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-1924285079704ecd803cbcb28d8e364c2024-02-23T15:17:36ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612024-02-0110214610.3390/gels10020146Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer GelMinsik Lee0Seonyeong Noh1Jun-Bong Shin2Jungwon Kwak3Chiyoung Jeong4Department of Radiation Oncology, Kangwon National University Hospital, 157 Baengnyeong-ro, Chuncheon-si 24290, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Kangwon National University Hospital, 157 Baengnyeong-ro, Chuncheon-si 24290, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of KoreaAccurate dosimetric verification is becoming increasingly important in radiotherapy. Although polymer gel dosimetry may be useful for verifying complex 3D dose distributions, it has limitations for clinical application due to its strong reactivity with oxygen and other contaminants. Therefore, it is important that the material of the gel storage container blocks reaction with external contaminants. In this study, we tested the effect of air and the chemical permeability of various polymer-based 3D printing materials that can be used as gel containers. A methacrylic acid, gelatin, and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride gel was used. Five types of printing materials that can be applied to the fused deposition modeling (FDM)-type 3D printer were compared: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), co-polyester (CPE), polycarbonate (PC), polylactic acid (PLA), and polypropylene (PP) (reference: glass vial). The map of R2 (1/T2) relaxation rates for each material, obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans, was analyzed. Additionally, response histograms and dose calibration curves from the R2 map were evaluated. The R2 distribution showed that CPE had sharper boundaries than the other materials, and the profile gradient of CPE was also closest to the reference vial. Histograms and dose calibration showed that CPE provided the most homogeneous and the highest relative response of 83.5%, with 8.6% root mean square error, compared with the reference vial. These results indicate that CPE is a reasonable material for the FDM-type 3D printing gel container.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/2/1463D printinggel dosimetryfilament materialco-polyester |
| spellingShingle | Minsik Lee Seonyeong Noh Jun-Bong Shin Jungwon Kwak Chiyoung Jeong Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel Gels 3D printing gel dosimetry filament material co-polyester |
| title | Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel |
| title_full | Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel |
| title_short | Evaluation of Fused Deposition Modeling Materials for 3D-Printed Container of Dosimetric Polymer Gel |
| title_sort | evaluation of fused deposition modeling materials for 3d printed container of dosimetric polymer gel |
| topic | 3D printing gel dosimetry filament material co-polyester |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/2/146 |
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