Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars
Endophytic fungi that colonize the plant root live in an environment with relative high concentrations of different sugars. Analyses of genome sequences indicate that such endophytes can secrete carbohydrate-related enzymes to compete for these sugars with the surrounding plant cells. We hypothesize...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/2/320 |
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| author | Vincenzo De Rocchis Thomas Roitsch Philipp Franken |
| author_facet | Vincenzo De Rocchis Thomas Roitsch Philipp Franken |
| author_sort | Vincenzo De Rocchis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endophytic fungi that colonize the plant root live in an environment with relative high concentrations of different sugars. Analyses of genome sequences indicate that such endophytes can secrete carbohydrate-related enzymes to compete for these sugars with the surrounding plant cells. We hypothesized that typical plant sugars can be used as carbon source by root endophytes and that these sugars also serve as signals to induce the expression and secretion of glycolytic enzymes. The plant-growth-promoting endophytes <i>Serendipita indica</i> and <i>Serendipita herbamans</i> were selected to first determine which sugars promote their growth and biomass formation. Secondly, particular sugars were added to liquid cultures of the fungi to induce intracellular and extracellular enzymatic activities which were measured in mycelia and culture supernatants. The results showed that both fungi cannot feed on melibiose and lactose, but instead use glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate sources. These sugars regulated the cytoplasmic activity of glycolytic enzymes and also their secretion. The levels of induction or repression depended on the type of sugars added to the cultures and differed between the two fungi. Since no conventional signal peptide could be detected in most of the genome sequences encoding the glycolytic enzymes, a non-conventional protein secretory pathway is assumed. The results of the study suggest that root endophytic fungi translocate glycolytic activities into the root, and this process is regulated by the availability of particular plant sugars. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:23:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-192e9400ce26403abc5583f2a3d9b399 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:23:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-192e9400ce26403abc5583f2a3d9b3992023-11-23T21:14:17ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-01-0110232010.3390/microorganisms10020320Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant SugarsVincenzo De Rocchis0Thomas Roitsch1Philipp Franken2Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, GermanyDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Copenhagen, DenmarkLeibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, GermanyEndophytic fungi that colonize the plant root live in an environment with relative high concentrations of different sugars. Analyses of genome sequences indicate that such endophytes can secrete carbohydrate-related enzymes to compete for these sugars with the surrounding plant cells. We hypothesized that typical plant sugars can be used as carbon source by root endophytes and that these sugars also serve as signals to induce the expression and secretion of glycolytic enzymes. The plant-growth-promoting endophytes <i>Serendipita indica</i> and <i>Serendipita herbamans</i> were selected to first determine which sugars promote their growth and biomass formation. Secondly, particular sugars were added to liquid cultures of the fungi to induce intracellular and extracellular enzymatic activities which were measured in mycelia and culture supernatants. The results showed that both fungi cannot feed on melibiose and lactose, but instead use glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate sources. These sugars regulated the cytoplasmic activity of glycolytic enzymes and also their secretion. The levels of induction or repression depended on the type of sugars added to the cultures and differed between the two fungi. Since no conventional signal peptide could be detected in most of the genome sequences encoding the glycolytic enzymes, a non-conventional protein secretory pathway is assumed. The results of the study suggest that root endophytic fungi translocate glycolytic activities into the root, and this process is regulated by the availability of particular plant sugars.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/2/320endophytic fungisugar metabolismglycolysis |
| spellingShingle | Vincenzo De Rocchis Thomas Roitsch Philipp Franken Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars Microorganisms endophytic fungi sugar metabolism glycolysis |
| title | Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars |
| title_full | Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars |
| title_short | Extracellular Glycolytic Activities in Root Endophytic <i>Serendipitaceae</i> and Their Regulation by Plant Sugars |
| title_sort | extracellular glycolytic activities in root endophytic i serendipitaceae i and their regulation by plant sugars |
| topic | endophytic fungi sugar metabolism glycolysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/2/320 |
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