Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs
Fat is one of the most important nutrients which provides concentrated energy and essential fatty acids. High fat diet markedly changes the gut microbial composition in mammals, whereas little is known about the impact of fat type on gut microbiome. This study was to evaluate the effects of fat sour...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00859/full |
| _version_ | 1819050662871171072 |
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| author | Fei Yang Shihai Zhang Min Tian Jun Chen Fang Chen Wutai Guan Wutai Guan |
| author_facet | Fei Yang Shihai Zhang Min Tian Jun Chen Fang Chen Wutai Guan Wutai Guan |
| author_sort | Fei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fat is one of the most important nutrients which provides concentrated energy and essential fatty acids. High fat diet markedly changes the gut microbial composition in mammals, whereas little is known about the impact of fat type on gut microbiome. This study was to evaluate the effects of fat sources on intestinal microbiota of nursery pigs. Eighteen pigs (28 days of age, 8.13 ± 0.10 kg BW) were housed individually (n = 6 per treatment) and allotted to three treatments based on a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed basal diets with three different fat sources: 6.0% soybean oil (SBO), 6.0% palm oil (PO), and 7.5% encapsulated palm oil (EPO, contains 80% palm oil) respectively. Pigs were euthanized after 28 days of ad libitum feeding, and the digesta in the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon of each pig were obtained for microbial composition analysis. Correlation analyses were also performed between microbial composition with nutrients digestibility or growth performance. The results showed that pigs fed PO had marked changes in the bacteria community composition with increasing the richness and diversity in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Increased abundances of Proteobacteria in duodenum, jejunum and cecum, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes in jejunum were observed in pigs fed PO compared to SBO and EPO. Pigs fed EPO decreased abundances of Proteobacteria in duodenum and jejunum, and increased abundance of Firmicutes compared to pigs fed PO, and was similar to pigs fed SBO. The microbial changes (genus) had significant negative correlation with the fat digestibility. These results indicate that palm oil supplementation in nursery pig diet alters the gut microbial composition, with the most significant changes observed in small intestine. Encapsulation of palm oil, which helps increase the digestibility of palm oil, have beneficial effect on the microbial disturbance caused by palm oil supplementation. Our findings provide a better understanding of how different fat types influence microbial composition in different parts of the intestinal tract and the correlation between bacteria composition and nutrients digestibility, which may provide a new perspective for the rational application of fat in diet. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:51:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-193405e05f9c423e871a3367626479882022-12-21T19:05:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-05-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.00859537274Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery PigsFei Yang0Shihai Zhang1Min Tian2Jun Chen3Fang Chen4Wutai Guan5Wutai Guan6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaFat is one of the most important nutrients which provides concentrated energy and essential fatty acids. High fat diet markedly changes the gut microbial composition in mammals, whereas little is known about the impact of fat type on gut microbiome. This study was to evaluate the effects of fat sources on intestinal microbiota of nursery pigs. Eighteen pigs (28 days of age, 8.13 ± 0.10 kg BW) were housed individually (n = 6 per treatment) and allotted to three treatments based on a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed basal diets with three different fat sources: 6.0% soybean oil (SBO), 6.0% palm oil (PO), and 7.5% encapsulated palm oil (EPO, contains 80% palm oil) respectively. Pigs were euthanized after 28 days of ad libitum feeding, and the digesta in the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon of each pig were obtained for microbial composition analysis. Correlation analyses were also performed between microbial composition with nutrients digestibility or growth performance. The results showed that pigs fed PO had marked changes in the bacteria community composition with increasing the richness and diversity in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Increased abundances of Proteobacteria in duodenum, jejunum and cecum, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes in jejunum were observed in pigs fed PO compared to SBO and EPO. Pigs fed EPO decreased abundances of Proteobacteria in duodenum and jejunum, and increased abundance of Firmicutes compared to pigs fed PO, and was similar to pigs fed SBO. The microbial changes (genus) had significant negative correlation with the fat digestibility. These results indicate that palm oil supplementation in nursery pig diet alters the gut microbial composition, with the most significant changes observed in small intestine. Encapsulation of palm oil, which helps increase the digestibility of palm oil, have beneficial effect on the microbial disturbance caused by palm oil supplementation. Our findings provide a better understanding of how different fat types influence microbial composition in different parts of the intestinal tract and the correlation between bacteria composition and nutrients digestibility, which may provide a new perspective for the rational application of fat in diet.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00859/fullfat typegutmicrobial communitydigestibilitynursery pigs |
| spellingShingle | Fei Yang Shihai Zhang Min Tian Jun Chen Fang Chen Wutai Guan Wutai Guan Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs Frontiers in Microbiology fat type gut microbial community digestibility nursery pigs |
| title | Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs |
| title_full | Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs |
| title_short | Different Sources of High Fat Diet Induces Marked Changes in Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs |
| title_sort | different sources of high fat diet induces marked changes in gut microbiota of nursery pigs |
| topic | fat type gut microbial community digestibility nursery pigs |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00859/full |
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