Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients
Purpose: To establish if SNPs in <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>IL-2</i> genes are associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans (AA). We also determined whether plasma TNF-α and IL-2 levels could serve as biomarkers for POAG in African Americans using sandwich...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/1/54 |
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| author | Teja Alapati Kyra M. Sagal Harini V. Gudiseva Maxwell Pistilli Mark Pyfer Venkata Ramana Murthy Chavali Joan M. O’Brien |
| author_facet | Teja Alapati Kyra M. Sagal Harini V. Gudiseva Maxwell Pistilli Mark Pyfer Venkata Ramana Murthy Chavali Joan M. O’Brien |
| author_sort | Teja Alapati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To establish if SNPs in <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>IL-2</i> genes are associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans (AA). We also determined whether plasma TNF-α and IL-2 levels could serve as biomarkers for POAG in African Americans using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methods: A single SNP association analysis was performed to investigate the association between potential gene variants in <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>IL-2</i> genes and POAG in the AA population. Plasma samples from 190 African Americans (72 from normal subjects and 118 POAG cases) were obtained for TNF- α studies and 367 samples (135 from normal subjects and 232 from POAG cases) were obtained for IL-2 studies. TNF-α levels and IL-2 levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and analyzed to see if they reached significance in cases with POAG and endophenotypes when compared to normal subjects. Results: The SNP, rs1800630, in TNF-α gene was found to be marginally associated with POAG. SNPs in <i>IL-2</i> gene were not associated with POAG in the case-control analysis. No significant difference was found between TNF-α levels and IL-2 levels in normal and POAG case subjects in our study. IL-2 levels were inversely correlated with high IOP in POAG cases. Conclusions: Although we found a marginal SNP association of TNF-α, assessing the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-2 may serve as promising biomarkers for African American POAG. Further investigation is needed to determine if POAG can be subdivided into more specified cohorts of the disease, which may affect plasma cytokine levels differently. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:25:31Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:25:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-1944107537e544a8a4c6da7518233d8d2023-11-23T13:51:36ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-12-011315410.3390/genes13010054Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma PatientsTeja Alapati0Kyra M. Sagal1Harini V. Gudiseva2Maxwell Pistilli3Mark Pyfer4Venkata Ramana Murthy Chavali5Joan M. O’Brien6Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAScheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAScheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAScheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAScheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAScheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAScheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAPurpose: To establish if SNPs in <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>IL-2</i> genes are associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans (AA). We also determined whether plasma TNF-α and IL-2 levels could serve as biomarkers for POAG in African Americans using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methods: A single SNP association analysis was performed to investigate the association between potential gene variants in <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>IL-2</i> genes and POAG in the AA population. Plasma samples from 190 African Americans (72 from normal subjects and 118 POAG cases) were obtained for TNF- α studies and 367 samples (135 from normal subjects and 232 from POAG cases) were obtained for IL-2 studies. TNF-α levels and IL-2 levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and analyzed to see if they reached significance in cases with POAG and endophenotypes when compared to normal subjects. Results: The SNP, rs1800630, in TNF-α gene was found to be marginally associated with POAG. SNPs in <i>IL-2</i> gene were not associated with POAG in the case-control analysis. No significant difference was found between TNF-α levels and IL-2 levels in normal and POAG case subjects in our study. IL-2 levels were inversely correlated with high IOP in POAG cases. Conclusions: Although we found a marginal SNP association of TNF-α, assessing the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-2 may serve as promising biomarkers for African American POAG. Further investigation is needed to determine if POAG can be subdivided into more specified cohorts of the disease, which may affect plasma cytokine levels differently.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/1/54SNP genotypinggene associationGWAS SNPTNF-αIL-2plasma biomarker |
| spellingShingle | Teja Alapati Kyra M. Sagal Harini V. Gudiseva Maxwell Pistilli Mark Pyfer Venkata Ramana Murthy Chavali Joan M. O’Brien Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients Genes SNP genotyping gene association GWAS SNP TNF-α IL-2 plasma biomarker |
| title | Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients |
| title_full | Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients |
| title_short | Evaluating TNF-α and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Levels in African American Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients |
| title_sort | evaluating tnf α and interleukin 2 il 2 levels in african american primary open angle glaucoma patients |
| topic | SNP genotyping gene association GWAS SNP TNF-α IL-2 plasma biomarker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/1/54 |
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