Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin
Although the bioactivities of bovine lactoferrin have been extensively investigated, little is known about deer milk lactoferrin bioactivity and its amino acid sequence. This research investigated the amino acid sequence of deer lactoferrin and the antimicrobial activities of two lactoferrin-encrypt...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| author | Ye Wang James D. Morton Alaa EL-Din A. Bekhit Alan Carne Susan L. Mason |
| author_facet | Ye Wang James D. Morton Alaa EL-Din A. Bekhit Alan Carne Susan L. Mason |
| author_sort | Ye Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although the bioactivities of bovine lactoferrin have been extensively investigated, little is known about deer milk lactoferrin bioactivity and its amino acid sequence. This research investigated the amino acid sequence of deer lactoferrin and the antimicrobial activities of two lactoferrin-encrypted peptides; lactoferricin (Lfcin) and lactoferrampin (Lfampin). Deer lactoferrin was found to have a molecular weight of 77.1 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.99, which are similar to that of bovine lactoferrin, 78 kDa and pI 7.9. Deer lactoferrin contains 707 amino acids, one amino acid less than bovine lactoferrin, and has 92% homology with bovine lactoferrin. Deer lactoferricin exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli</i> American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25922 and <i>L. acidophilus</i> ATCC 4356. The antimicrobial activities of deer and bovine Lfcin and Lfampin were compared. Based on MIC, deer Lfcin was found to be a more effective inhibitor of <i>L. acidophilus</i> ATCC 4356 than bovine Lfcin, but bovine Lfcin and Lfampin were more effective against <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922 than deer Lfcin and Lfampin. The deer Lfcin sequence differed at seven amino acids from bovine Lfcin and this decreased the net positive charge and increased the hydrophobicity. Deer Lfampin contained two differences in amino acid sequence compared to bovine Lfampin which decreased the net positive charge. These amino acid sequence differences likely account for differences in antibacterial activity. Positive charge and hydrophobic residues provide the amphipathic character of these helical peptides, and are considered important for binding of antimicrobial peptides. In silico modelling of deer Lfcin indicated an identical α-helical structure compared to bovine Lfcin. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-194567f47bc642d4a525433e64580d182023-11-21T23:03:57ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-06-01106130510.3390/foods10061305Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and LactoferrampinYe Wang0James D. Morton1Alaa EL-Din A. Bekhit2Alan Carne3Susan L. Mason4Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7674, New ZealandDepartment of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7674, New ZealandDepartment of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New ZealandDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New ZealandDepartment of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7674, New ZealandAlthough the bioactivities of bovine lactoferrin have been extensively investigated, little is known about deer milk lactoferrin bioactivity and its amino acid sequence. This research investigated the amino acid sequence of deer lactoferrin and the antimicrobial activities of two lactoferrin-encrypted peptides; lactoferricin (Lfcin) and lactoferrampin (Lfampin). Deer lactoferrin was found to have a molecular weight of 77.1 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.99, which are similar to that of bovine lactoferrin, 78 kDa and pI 7.9. Deer lactoferrin contains 707 amino acids, one amino acid less than bovine lactoferrin, and has 92% homology with bovine lactoferrin. Deer lactoferricin exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli</i> American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25922 and <i>L. acidophilus</i> ATCC 4356. The antimicrobial activities of deer and bovine Lfcin and Lfampin were compared. Based on MIC, deer Lfcin was found to be a more effective inhibitor of <i>L. acidophilus</i> ATCC 4356 than bovine Lfcin, but bovine Lfcin and Lfampin were more effective against <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922 than deer Lfcin and Lfampin. The deer Lfcin sequence differed at seven amino acids from bovine Lfcin and this decreased the net positive charge and increased the hydrophobicity. Deer Lfampin contained two differences in amino acid sequence compared to bovine Lfampin which decreased the net positive charge. These amino acid sequence differences likely account for differences in antibacterial activity. Positive charge and hydrophobic residues provide the amphipathic character of these helical peptides, and are considered important for binding of antimicrobial peptides. In silico modelling of deer Lfcin indicated an identical α-helical structure compared to bovine Lfcin.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/6/1305deer lactoferrin amino acidsdeer lactoferricindeer lactoferrampinantibacterial activity |
| spellingShingle | Ye Wang James D. Morton Alaa EL-Din A. Bekhit Alan Carne Susan L. Mason Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin Foods deer lactoferrin amino acids deer lactoferricin deer lactoferrampin antibacterial activity |
| title | Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin |
| title_full | Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin |
| title_fullStr | Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin |
| title_short | Amino Acid Sequences of Lactoferrin from Red Deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) Milk and Antimicrobial Activity of Its Derived Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin |
| title_sort | amino acid sequences of lactoferrin from red deer i cervus elaphus i milk and antimicrobial activity of its derived peptides lactoferricin and lactoferrampin |
| topic | deer lactoferrin amino acids deer lactoferricin deer lactoferrampin antibacterial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/6/1305 |
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