ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative Study
Introduction: Tobacco consumption is the single most cause of the preventable deaths globally. Tobacco is consumed in the form of cigarettes. It contains nicotine which causes physical and psychological dependencies. Cigarette smoking increases the blood coagulability. Nicotine facilitates conduct...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2013-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2950/10-%205180_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PFA(PM)_OLF_PF1(PP)_PF2(PP).pdf |
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| author | M.R. RENUKA DEVI T. ARVIND P. SAI KUMAR |
| author_facet | M.R. RENUKA DEVI T. ARVIND P. SAI KUMAR |
| author_sort | M.R. RENUKA DEVI |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Tobacco consumption is the single most cause
of the preventable deaths globally. Tobacco is consumed in
the form of cigarettes. It contains nicotine which causes physical and psychological dependencies. Cigarette smoking increases the blood coagulability. Nicotine facilitates conduction
block, re-entry and it increases the vulnerability to ventricular
fibrillation. Hence, Nicotine and other components of cigarette
can produce profound changes in the heart, which can be assessed by doing an ECG, which is the , cheapest and the most
reliable method for assessing cardiovascular abnormalities.
Aim: To compare the ECG changes between smokers and
non- smokers.
Materials: Eighty eight healthy male volunteers who were in
the age group of 18-30 years, who attended the outpatients
department of SBMCH were recruited for the study. Among
the volunteers, 44 were smokers as per the ICD-10 criteria for
substance abuse and the rest of the 44 were non-smoker subjects without any systemic illnesses and a drug and alcohol
intake.
Methods: After a thorough examination, all the subjects were
asked to abstain from smoking and caffeine beverages, 2 hours
prior to the taking of the ECG recording. The ECG was recorded
in the lab of the Department of Physiology of SBMCH. The following parameters were assessed, namely, the heart rate, the
p- wave, the PR interval and the QRS complex. The QTc (corrected QT interval) was calculated by using Bazet’s formula.
The QT interval, the ST segment and the T wave duration were
evaluated in seconds. The results which were obtained were
statistically analyzed by using the Students ‘t’ test.
Results: The analysis showed that QTc interval was shortened and that the QRS complex duration was widened in the
smokers, although the values did not show any statistical significance. The heart rate was increased in the smokers, which
was statistically significant. The RR interval, the QT interval and
the ST segment were shortened in the smokers as compared
to those in the non smokers, which was highly significant statistically.
Conclusion: All the above changes in our study were either
a result of the acute effects or the chronic effects of smoking,
which led to cardiovascular disorders which could be easily identified by the wave duration in electrocardiography. This
may be used by physicians as a tool for counselling the smokers to stop smoking as early as possible. Smoking even a single cigarette can increase the risk of sudden cardiac deaths. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:26:27Z |
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| id | doaj.art-19483959a6244b0ca9048516b4de1ffb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T18:26:27Z |
| publishDate | 2013-05-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-19483959a6244b0ca9048516b4de1ffb2022-12-22T01:38:04ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2013-05-017582482610.7860/JCDR/2013/5180.2950ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative StudyM.R. RENUKA DEVI0T. ARVIND1P. SAI KUMAR2Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, India.Post Graduate, Department of Physiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, India.Professor and HOD, Department of Physiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, India.Introduction: Tobacco consumption is the single most cause of the preventable deaths globally. Tobacco is consumed in the form of cigarettes. It contains nicotine which causes physical and psychological dependencies. Cigarette smoking increases the blood coagulability. Nicotine facilitates conduction block, re-entry and it increases the vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. Hence, Nicotine and other components of cigarette can produce profound changes in the heart, which can be assessed by doing an ECG, which is the , cheapest and the most reliable method for assessing cardiovascular abnormalities. Aim: To compare the ECG changes between smokers and non- smokers. Materials: Eighty eight healthy male volunteers who were in the age group of 18-30 years, who attended the outpatients department of SBMCH were recruited for the study. Among the volunteers, 44 were smokers as per the ICD-10 criteria for substance abuse and the rest of the 44 were non-smoker subjects without any systemic illnesses and a drug and alcohol intake. Methods: After a thorough examination, all the subjects were asked to abstain from smoking and caffeine beverages, 2 hours prior to the taking of the ECG recording. The ECG was recorded in the lab of the Department of Physiology of SBMCH. The following parameters were assessed, namely, the heart rate, the p- wave, the PR interval and the QRS complex. The QTc (corrected QT interval) was calculated by using Bazet’s formula. The QT interval, the ST segment and the T wave duration were evaluated in seconds. The results which were obtained were statistically analyzed by using the Students ‘t’ test. Results: The analysis showed that QTc interval was shortened and that the QRS complex duration was widened in the smokers, although the values did not show any statistical significance. The heart rate was increased in the smokers, which was statistically significant. The RR interval, the QT interval and the ST segment were shortened in the smokers as compared to those in the non smokers, which was highly significant statistically. Conclusion: All the above changes in our study were either a result of the acute effects or the chronic effects of smoking, which led to cardiovascular disorders which could be easily identified by the wave duration in electrocardiography. This may be used by physicians as a tool for counselling the smokers to stop smoking as early as possible. Smoking even a single cigarette can increase the risk of sudden cardiac deaths.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2950/10-%205180_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PFA(PM)_OLF_PF1(PP)_PF2(PP).pdfelectrocardiographynicotinesmoking |
| spellingShingle | M.R. RENUKA DEVI T. ARVIND P. SAI KUMAR ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research electrocardiography nicotine smoking |
| title | ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative Study |
| title_full | ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative Study |
| title_fullStr | ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative Study |
| title_short | ECG Changes in Smokers and Non Smokers-A Comparative Study |
| title_sort | ecg changes in smokers and non smokers a comparative study |
| topic | electrocardiography nicotine smoking |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2950/10-%205180_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PFA(PM)_OLF_PF1(PP)_PF2(PP).pdf |
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