Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds. However, the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive. This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health in largemo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Animal Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654522000397 |
| _version_ | 1811261346210119680 |
|---|---|
| author | Longwei Xi Qisheng Lu Yulong Liu Jingzhi Su Wen Chen Yulong Gong Dong Han Yunxia Yang Zhimin Zhang Junyan Jin Haokun Liu Xiaoming Zhu Shouqi Xie |
| author_facet | Longwei Xi Qisheng Lu Yulong Liu Jingzhi Su Wen Chen Yulong Gong Dong Han Yunxia Yang Zhimin Zhang Junyan Jin Haokun Liu Xiaoming Zhu Shouqi Xie |
| author_sort | Longwei Xi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds. However, the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive. This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health in largemouth bass. Five diets were formulated to replace dietary fish meal of 0% (C0, control), 25% (C25), 50% (C50), 75% (C75), and 100% (C100) with Chlorella meal, respectively. Total 300 fish (17.6 ± 0.03 g) were randomly assigned to 15 tanks (3 tanks/group). Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily for 8 weeks. The increased dietary Chlorella meal quadratically influenced the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI), which were significantly lower in the C100 group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased linearly or quadratically with dietary Chlorella meal. Dietary Chlorella meal linearly or quadratically increased the lutein content of plasma, liver, and dorsal muscle of largemouth bass (P < 0.05). Compared to the C0 group, all supplemented Chlorella meal groups significantly improved the yellowness (b∗) of the dorsal body (1.5 to 2.0 fold), abdominal body (1.5 to 1.8 fold), and dorsal muscle (3.8 to 5.4 fold) of largemouth bass (P < 0.05). In addition, compared to the C0 group, the liver vacuolation area of fish was significantly increased in the C75 and C100 groups (P < 0.05). Transcriptional levels of apoptosis-related genes of β-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl2), caspase-9-like (casp9), and caspase-3a (casp3) were markedly upregulated (0.9 to 1.6 fold) in the C100 group compared to the C0 group (P < 0.05). Based on the quadratic regression analysis between FBW, WGR, or SGR and dietary Chlorella meal level, largemouth bass had the best growth when replacing 31.7% to 32.6% of fish meal with 15.03% to 15.43% dietary Chlorella meal. The present results indicated that dietary supplementation with Chlorella meal (11.85% to 47.45%) significantly enhanced the pigmentation; however, total replacement of fish meal (40%) with Chlorella meal (47.45%) caused growth retardation, apoptosis, and liver damage in largemouth bass. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:01:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19495fe527d244cf80fffee2e5fb7bf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-6545 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:01:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-19495fe527d244cf80fffee2e5fb7bf32022-12-22T03:20:07ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452022-09-01102640Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)Longwei Xi0Qisheng Lu1Yulong Liu2Jingzhi Su3Wen Chen4Yulong Gong5Dong Han6Yunxia Yang7Zhimin Zhang8Junyan Jin9Haokun Liu10Xiaoming Zhu11Shouqi Xie12State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaChlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds. However, the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive. This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health in largemouth bass. Five diets were formulated to replace dietary fish meal of 0% (C0, control), 25% (C25), 50% (C50), 75% (C75), and 100% (C100) with Chlorella meal, respectively. Total 300 fish (17.6 ± 0.03 g) were randomly assigned to 15 tanks (3 tanks/group). Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily for 8 weeks. The increased dietary Chlorella meal quadratically influenced the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI), which were significantly lower in the C100 group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased linearly or quadratically with dietary Chlorella meal. Dietary Chlorella meal linearly or quadratically increased the lutein content of plasma, liver, and dorsal muscle of largemouth bass (P < 0.05). Compared to the C0 group, all supplemented Chlorella meal groups significantly improved the yellowness (b∗) of the dorsal body (1.5 to 2.0 fold), abdominal body (1.5 to 1.8 fold), and dorsal muscle (3.8 to 5.4 fold) of largemouth bass (P < 0.05). In addition, compared to the C0 group, the liver vacuolation area of fish was significantly increased in the C75 and C100 groups (P < 0.05). Transcriptional levels of apoptosis-related genes of β-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl2), caspase-9-like (casp9), and caspase-3a (casp3) were markedly upregulated (0.9 to 1.6 fold) in the C100 group compared to the C0 group (P < 0.05). Based on the quadratic regression analysis between FBW, WGR, or SGR and dietary Chlorella meal level, largemouth bass had the best growth when replacing 31.7% to 32.6% of fish meal with 15.03% to 15.43% dietary Chlorella meal. The present results indicated that dietary supplementation with Chlorella meal (11.85% to 47.45%) significantly enhanced the pigmentation; however, total replacement of fish meal (40%) with Chlorella meal (47.45%) caused growth retardation, apoptosis, and liver damage in largemouth bass.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654522000397Chlorella mealGrowthLiver healthMicropterus salmoidesPigmentation |
| spellingShingle | Longwei Xi Qisheng Lu Yulong Liu Jingzhi Su Wen Chen Yulong Gong Dong Han Yunxia Yang Zhimin Zhang Junyan Jin Haokun Liu Xiaoming Zhu Shouqi Xie Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) Animal Nutrition Chlorella meal Growth Liver health Micropterus salmoides Pigmentation |
| title | Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) |
| title_full | Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) |
| title_short | Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) |
| title_sort | effects of fish meal replacement with chlorella meal on growth performance pigmentation and liver health of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides |
| topic | Chlorella meal Growth Liver health Micropterus salmoides Pigmentation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654522000397 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT longweixi effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT qishenglu effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT yulongliu effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT jingzhisu effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT wenchen effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT yulonggong effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT donghan effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT yunxiayang effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT zhiminzhang effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT junyanjin effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT haokunliu effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT xiaomingzhu effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides AT shouqixie effectsoffishmealreplacementwithchlorellamealongrowthperformancepigmentationandliverhealthoflargemouthbassmicropterussalmoides |