Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves
This study aimed to prepare and characterize activated carbon derived from M. cajuputi leaves. The preparation process consisted of physical and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) using various impregnation ratios, which were carbonized in nitrogen under thermal treatment at 500 °C for...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Carbon Trends |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056923000561 |
| _version_ | 1827578451195854848 |
|---|---|
| author | Aminu Ibrahim Azimah Ismail Hafizan Juahir Yudi Nurul Ihsan Sunardi Sudianto Mark Ovinis Azlina Md Kassim Nur Hanis Mohd Hanapi Ahmad Danial Hafizi |
| author_facet | Aminu Ibrahim Azimah Ismail Hafizan Juahir Yudi Nurul Ihsan Sunardi Sudianto Mark Ovinis Azlina Md Kassim Nur Hanis Mohd Hanapi Ahmad Danial Hafizi |
| author_sort | Aminu Ibrahim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to prepare and characterize activated carbon derived from M. cajuputi leaves. The preparation process consisted of physical and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) using various impregnation ratios, which were carbonized in nitrogen under thermal treatment at 500 °C for 45 min. The surface area, pore volume, pore size, and surface morphology were determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Field Emission Scanning Microscopy to describe the characteristics of the prepared activated carbon; others are percentage yield, moisture content, and pH. The results indicated that the optimum pore volume, micropore, and mesopores were 0.099 m3/g, 66.01 m2/g, and 114 m2/g, respectively, and the BET surface area was 128 m2/g degassed at 300 °C. Field Emission Scanning Microscopy images reveal clear pores, cracks, porous structures, and a diverse surface morphology. The percentage yield was in the range of 33 to 43.7 %, and the pH was maintained in the range of 3 to 5. The ash contents of the prepared carbons in this study initially rose from 1.9 to 3.1 % due to an increase in phosphoric acid. These results conclude that M. cajuputi leaves are an effective precursor to produce the cheapest and most economical activated carbon (adsorbent) that could serve as a substitute for commercial activated carbon. Furthermore, M. cajuputi AC is effective and often considered harmless and nontoxic, which is beneficial when used as an adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from the environment. It is less harmful to human health and the environment compared to chemically hazardous, manufactured adsorbents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:46:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1949feb0c65542de873e4217b828fe0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-0569 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:46:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Carbon Trends |
| spelling | doaj.art-1949feb0c65542de873e4217b828fe0d2023-12-20T07:39:29ZengElsevierCarbon Trends2667-05692023-12-0113100301Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leavesAminu Ibrahim0Azimah Ismail1Hafizan Juahir2Yudi Nurul Ihsan3Sunardi Sudianto4Mark Ovinis5Azlina Md Kassim6Nur Hanis Mohd Hanapi7Ahmad Danial Hafizi8East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESER), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MalaysiaEast Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESER), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Design, Innovative and Technology (FRIT), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry (FBIM), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, MalaysiaDepartment of Fishery and Oceanography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjajaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Semedang, Km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Semedang, Km 21 Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363 IndonesiaSchool of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Birmingham City, City Centre Campus, Millennium Point, Birmingham B4 7XG, United KingdomEnvironmental Quality Division, Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya Selangor, MalaysiaEast Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESER), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MalaysiaIntegrated Envirotech Sdn. Bhd., (650387-K), lot 32-2, Jin Setiawangsa 11A, Taman Setiawangsa, 54200 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaThis study aimed to prepare and characterize activated carbon derived from M. cajuputi leaves. The preparation process consisted of physical and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) using various impregnation ratios, which were carbonized in nitrogen under thermal treatment at 500 °C for 45 min. The surface area, pore volume, pore size, and surface morphology were determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Field Emission Scanning Microscopy to describe the characteristics of the prepared activated carbon; others are percentage yield, moisture content, and pH. The results indicated that the optimum pore volume, micropore, and mesopores were 0.099 m3/g, 66.01 m2/g, and 114 m2/g, respectively, and the BET surface area was 128 m2/g degassed at 300 °C. Field Emission Scanning Microscopy images reveal clear pores, cracks, porous structures, and a diverse surface morphology. The percentage yield was in the range of 33 to 43.7 %, and the pH was maintained in the range of 3 to 5. The ash contents of the prepared carbons in this study initially rose from 1.9 to 3.1 % due to an increase in phosphoric acid. These results conclude that M. cajuputi leaves are an effective precursor to produce the cheapest and most economical activated carbon (adsorbent) that could serve as a substitute for commercial activated carbon. Furthermore, M. cajuputi AC is effective and often considered harmless and nontoxic, which is beneficial when used as an adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from the environment. It is less harmful to human health and the environment compared to chemically hazardous, manufactured adsorbents.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056923000561Activated carbonMelaleuca cajuputi leaveSurface areaPercentage yieldH3PO4 impregnationCarbonization |
| spellingShingle | Aminu Ibrahim Azimah Ismail Hafizan Juahir Yudi Nurul Ihsan Sunardi Sudianto Mark Ovinis Azlina Md Kassim Nur Hanis Mohd Hanapi Ahmad Danial Hafizi Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves Carbon Trends Activated carbon Melaleuca cajuputi leave Surface area Percentage yield H3PO4 impregnation Carbonization |
| title | Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves |
| title_full | Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves |
| title_short | Preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of activated carbon obtained from melaleuca cajuputi leaves |
| topic | Activated carbon Melaleuca cajuputi leave Surface area Percentage yield H3PO4 impregnation Carbonization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056923000561 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aminuibrahim preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT azimahismail preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT hafizanjuahir preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT yudinurulihsan preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT sunardisudianto preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT markovinis preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT azlinamdkassim preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT nurhanismohdhanapi preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves AT ahmaddanialhafizi preparationandcharacterizationofactivatedcarbonobtainedfrommelaleucacajuputileaves |