Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximus
Tropical grasslands are very important to global carbon and water cycles. C4 plants have increased heat tolerance and a CO2 concentrating mechanism that often reduces responses to elevated concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]). Despite the importance of tropical grasslands, there is a scarcity of studies th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1033953/full |
| _version_ | 1811206140608905216 |
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| author | Eduardo Habermann Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira Daniele Ribeiro Contin João Vitor Campos Pinho Costa Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa Carlos Alberto Martinez |
| author_facet | Eduardo Habermann Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira Daniele Ribeiro Contin João Vitor Campos Pinho Costa Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa Carlos Alberto Martinez |
| author_sort | Eduardo Habermann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tropical grasslands are very important to global carbon and water cycles. C4 plants have increased heat tolerance and a CO2 concentrating mechanism that often reduces responses to elevated concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]). Despite the importance of tropical grasslands, there is a scarcity of studies that elucidate how managed tropical grasslands will be affected by elevated [CO2] and warming. In our study, we used a combination of a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) systems to increase canopy temperature and [CO2] under field conditions, respectively. We warmed a field-grown pasture dominated by the C4 tropical forage grass Megathyrsus maximus by 2°C above ambient under two levels of [CO2] (ambient (aC) and elevated (eC - 600 ppm) to investigate how these two factors isolated or combined regulate water relations through stomatal regulation, and how this combination affects PSII functioning, biochemistry, forage nutritive value, and digestibility. We demonstrated that the effects of warming negated the effects of eC in plant transpiration, water potential, proline content, and soil moisture conservation, resulting in warming canceling the eCO2-induced improvement in these parameters. Furthermore, there were additive effects between eC and warming for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and aboveground nutritive value. Warming sharply intensified the eCO2-induced decrease in crude protein content and increases in forage fibrous fraction and lignin, resulting in a smaller forage digestibility under a warmer CO2-enriched atmosphere. Our results highlight the importance of multifactorial studies when investigating global change impacts on managed ecosystems and the potential consequences for the global carbon cycle like amplification in methane emissions by ruminants and feeding a positive climate feedback system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:42:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-194c4c967a1a4fe6bd6b25663c1a57ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:42:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-194c4c967a1a4fe6bd6b25663c1a57ae2022-12-22T03:49:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-12-011310.3389/fpls.2022.10339531033953Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximusEduardo Habermann0Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira1Daniele Ribeiro Contin2João Vitor Campos Pinho Costa3Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa4Carlos Alberto Martinez5Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilDepartment of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilGoiano Institute Federal (IF Goiano) at Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, BrazilGoiano Institute Federal (IF Goiano) at Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, BrazilDepartment of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BrazilTropical grasslands are very important to global carbon and water cycles. C4 plants have increased heat tolerance and a CO2 concentrating mechanism that often reduces responses to elevated concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]). Despite the importance of tropical grasslands, there is a scarcity of studies that elucidate how managed tropical grasslands will be affected by elevated [CO2] and warming. In our study, we used a combination of a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) systems to increase canopy temperature and [CO2] under field conditions, respectively. We warmed a field-grown pasture dominated by the C4 tropical forage grass Megathyrsus maximus by 2°C above ambient under two levels of [CO2] (ambient (aC) and elevated (eC - 600 ppm) to investigate how these two factors isolated or combined regulate water relations through stomatal regulation, and how this combination affects PSII functioning, biochemistry, forage nutritive value, and digestibility. We demonstrated that the effects of warming negated the effects of eC in plant transpiration, water potential, proline content, and soil moisture conservation, resulting in warming canceling the eCO2-induced improvement in these parameters. Furthermore, there were additive effects between eC and warming for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and aboveground nutritive value. Warming sharply intensified the eCO2-induced decrease in crude protein content and increases in forage fibrous fraction and lignin, resulting in a smaller forage digestibility under a warmer CO2-enriched atmosphere. Our results highlight the importance of multifactorial studies when investigating global change impacts on managed ecosystems and the potential consequences for the global carbon cycle like amplification in methane emissions by ruminants and feeding a positive climate feedback system.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1033953/fullclimate changefield conditionsgrasslandsoil moisture conservationtropical ecosystem |
| spellingShingle | Eduardo Habermann Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira Daniele Ribeiro Contin João Vitor Campos Pinho Costa Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa Carlos Alberto Martinez Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximus Frontiers in Plant Science climate change field conditions grassland soil moisture conservation tropical ecosystem |
| title | Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximus |
| title_full | Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximus |
| title_fullStr | Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximus |
| title_short | Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C4 grass Megathyrsus maximus |
| title_sort | warming offsets the benefits of elevated co2 in water relations while amplifies elevated co2 induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the c4 grass megathyrsus maximus |
| topic | climate change field conditions grassland soil moisture conservation tropical ecosystem |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1033953/full |
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