An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In Vivo
Species of the genus Artemisia are well known for their use as ingredients in ancient medicine. The advantage of using plant extracts compared to individual pharmaceutical ingredients is the rate of adaptation of the pathogenic microorganisms to the drug. Due to the rapid development of multidrug-re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5413 |
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| author | Murat Zhurinov Dmitriy Berillo Kulzada Begalinovna Bazhykova Kayrolla Dyusenbaevich Rakhimov Tolkyn Bekezhanova |
| author_facet | Murat Zhurinov Dmitriy Berillo Kulzada Begalinovna Bazhykova Kayrolla Dyusenbaevich Rakhimov Tolkyn Bekezhanova |
| author_sort | Murat Zhurinov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Species of the genus Artemisia are well known for their use as ingredients in ancient medicine. The advantage of using plant extracts compared to individual pharmaceutical ingredients is the rate of adaptation of the pathogenic microorganisms to the drug. Due to the rapid development of multidrug-resistance in microorganisms in the field, it is essential to search for novel, effective drugs with low toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to isolate and study the biologically active substances obtained from various substances in the raw materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. The identification of the main biologically active components was performed using the method of chromato-mass spectrometry. Moreover, the antiviral activity of several extracts was studied using the method of measuring limiting dilutions (the Reed–Mench method), with some modifications. For the first time, the biological activity of extracts from the raw material of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. upon the SARS-CoV-2 virus was confirmed. All the obtained extracts exhibited nontoxic effects in animals, with an LD<sub>50</sub> greater than 2 g/kg. Comprehensive toxicological analyses are also presented in the study, such as those of the biochemical parameters of urine after one day and one week of the extracts’ administration in mice at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. In all groups of animals that received extracts of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg., a slight increase in the presence of red blood cells in their urine was observed one day following the administration of the extracts. This increase decreased somewhat after a week; however, it remained higher than the levels observed in the control animals. In the three groups, there was also a slight increase in the amount of ketones in the urine. Two weeks following the administration of the extracts to these groups, the internal organs of the animals were examined. The examination showed that the internal organs of the animals that received the extracts were not visibly different from those of the control animals in terms of their size or appearance. The weight of the internal organs of the animals that received the extracts was also similar to the weight of the internal organs of the control animals, illustrating the absence of toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-194d2fdf3aa242d1b49f9249bbd308e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:46:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-194d2fdf3aa242d1b49f9249bbd308e62023-11-18T20:41:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-07-012814541310.3390/molecules28145413An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In VivoMurat Zhurinov0Dmitriy Berillo1Kulzada Begalinovna Bazhykova2Kayrolla Dyusenbaevich Rakhimov3Tolkyn Bekezhanova4D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry, JSC, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Biological Technologies (IHBT), Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanDepartment of Engineering Disciplines and Good Practices, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanDepartment of Engineering Disciplines and Good Practices, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, KazakhstanSpecies of the genus Artemisia are well known for their use as ingredients in ancient medicine. The advantage of using plant extracts compared to individual pharmaceutical ingredients is the rate of adaptation of the pathogenic microorganisms to the drug. Due to the rapid development of multidrug-resistance in microorganisms in the field, it is essential to search for novel, effective drugs with low toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to isolate and study the biologically active substances obtained from various substances in the raw materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. The identification of the main biologically active components was performed using the method of chromato-mass spectrometry. Moreover, the antiviral activity of several extracts was studied using the method of measuring limiting dilutions (the Reed–Mench method), with some modifications. For the first time, the biological activity of extracts from the raw material of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. upon the SARS-CoV-2 virus was confirmed. All the obtained extracts exhibited nontoxic effects in animals, with an LD<sub>50</sub> greater than 2 g/kg. Comprehensive toxicological analyses are also presented in the study, such as those of the biochemical parameters of urine after one day and one week of the extracts’ administration in mice at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. In all groups of animals that received extracts of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg., a slight increase in the presence of red blood cells in their urine was observed one day following the administration of the extracts. This increase decreased somewhat after a week; however, it remained higher than the levels observed in the control animals. In the three groups, there was also a slight increase in the amount of ketones in the urine. Two weeks following the administration of the extracts to these groups, the internal organs of the animals were examined. The examination showed that the internal organs of the animals that received the extracts were not visibly different from those of the control animals in terms of their size or appearance. The weight of the internal organs of the animals that received the extracts was also similar to the weight of the internal organs of the control animals, illustrating the absence of toxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5413<i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg.biologically active substancesSARS-CoV-2antiviral activityacute toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Murat Zhurinov Dmitriy Berillo Kulzada Begalinovna Bazhykova Kayrolla Dyusenbaevich Rakhimov Tolkyn Bekezhanova An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In Vivo Molecules <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. biologically active substances SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity acute toxicity |
| title | An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_full | An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_fullStr | An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_short | An Estimation of the Antiviral Activity and Toxicity of Biologically Active Substances Obtained from the Raw Materials of <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_sort | estimation of the antiviral activity and toxicity of biologically active substances obtained from the raw materials of i artemisia cina i berg in vitro and in vivo |
| topic | <i>Artemisia cina</i> Berg. biologically active substances SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity acute toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5413 |
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