Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility
Abstract Preferential attachment is an important mechanism in the structural evolution of complex networks. However, though resources on a network propagate and have an effect beyond a direct relationship, growth by preferential attachment based on indirectly propagated resources has not been system...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48827-6 |
| _version_ | 1797397991911325696 |
|---|---|
| author | Jong-Hyeok Lee Ken-ichiro Ogawa |
| author_facet | Jong-Hyeok Lee Ken-ichiro Ogawa |
| author_sort | Jong-Hyeok Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Preferential attachment is an important mechanism in the structural evolution of complex networks. However, though resources on a network propagate and have an effect beyond a direct relationship, growth by preferential attachment based on indirectly propagated resources has not been systematically investigated. Here, we propose a mathematical model of an evolving network in which preference is proportional to a utility function reflecting direct utility from directly connected nodes and indirect utility from indirectly connected nodes beyond the directly connected nodes. Our analysis showed that preferential attachment involving indirect utility forms a converged and hierarchical structure, thereby significantly increasing the indirect utility across the entire network. Further, we found that the structures are formed by mutual growth between adjacent nodes, which promotes a scaling exponent of 1.5 between the number of indirect and direct links. Lastly, by examining several real networks, we found evidence of mutual growth, especially in social networks. Our findings demonstrate a growth mechanism emerging in evolving networks with preference for indirect utility, and provide a foundation for systematically investigating the role of preference for indirect utility in the structural and functional evolution of large-scale social networks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:18:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19584a58a22247278c993f94b9b2c9bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:18:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-19584a58a22247278c993f94b9b2c9bf2023-12-10T12:17:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111410.1038/s41598-023-48827-6Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utilityJong-Hyeok Lee0Ken-ichiro Ogawa1Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Distribution and Logistics Systems, Ryutsu Keizai UniversityAbstract Preferential attachment is an important mechanism in the structural evolution of complex networks. However, though resources on a network propagate and have an effect beyond a direct relationship, growth by preferential attachment based on indirectly propagated resources has not been systematically investigated. Here, we propose a mathematical model of an evolving network in which preference is proportional to a utility function reflecting direct utility from directly connected nodes and indirect utility from indirectly connected nodes beyond the directly connected nodes. Our analysis showed that preferential attachment involving indirect utility forms a converged and hierarchical structure, thereby significantly increasing the indirect utility across the entire network. Further, we found that the structures are formed by mutual growth between adjacent nodes, which promotes a scaling exponent of 1.5 between the number of indirect and direct links. Lastly, by examining several real networks, we found evidence of mutual growth, especially in social networks. Our findings demonstrate a growth mechanism emerging in evolving networks with preference for indirect utility, and provide a foundation for systematically investigating the role of preference for indirect utility in the structural and functional evolution of large-scale social networks.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48827-6 |
| spellingShingle | Jong-Hyeok Lee Ken-ichiro Ogawa Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility Scientific Reports |
| title | Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility |
| title_full | Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility |
| title_short | Emergence of a mutual-growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility |
| title_sort | emergence of a mutual growth mechanism in networks evolved by social preference based on indirect utility |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48827-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jonghyeoklee emergenceofamutualgrowthmechanisminnetworksevolvedbysocialpreferencebasedonindirectutility AT kenichiroogawa emergenceofamutualgrowthmechanisminnetworksevolvedbysocialpreferencebasedonindirectutility |