Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets
Background Antibiotics are the most commonly used growth-promoting additives in pig feed especially for weaned piglets. But in recent years their use has been restricted because of bacterial resistance. Phellinus, a genus of medicinal fungi, is widely used in Asia to treat gastroenteric dysfunction,...
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PeerJ Inc.
2020-04-01
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| author | Yuqing Sun Shi Zhong Bo Deng Qinsheng Jin Jie Wu Jinxi Huo Jianxun Zhu Cheng Zhang Yougui Li |
| author_facet | Yuqing Sun Shi Zhong Bo Deng Qinsheng Jin Jie Wu Jinxi Huo Jianxun Zhu Cheng Zhang Yougui Li |
| author_sort | Yuqing Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Antibiotics are the most commonly used growth-promoting additives in pig feed especially for weaned piglets. But in recent years their use has been restricted because of bacterial resistance. Phellinus, a genus of medicinal fungi, is widely used in Asia to treat gastroenteric dysfunction, hemrrhage, and tumors. Phellinus is reported to improve body weight on mice with colitis. Therefore, we hypothesize that it could benefit the health and growth of piglets, and could be used as an alternative to antibiotic. Here, the effect of Phellinus gilvus mycelia (SH) and antibiotic growth promoter (ATB) were investigated on weaned piglets. Methods A total of 72 crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (n = 4 pens per treatment group with six piglets per pen). The control group was fed basal diet; the SH treatment group was fed basal diet containing 5 g/kg SH; the ATB treatment group was feed basal diet containing 75 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg kitasamycin. The experiment period was 28 days. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed intake to gain ratio were calculated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum were assessed. Viable plate counts of Escherichia coli in feces were measured. Fecal microbiota was analyzed via the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Results The ADG (1–28 day) of piglets was significantly higher in SH and ATB treatment groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control, and the ADG did not show significant difference between SH and ATB treatment groups (P > 0.05). Both SH and ATB treatments increased the MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in serum compared to the control (P < 0.05), but the levels in SH group were all significantly higher than in the ATB group (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiological analysis showed that viable E. coli counts were dramatically decreased by SH and ATB. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that ATB shifted the microbiota structure drastically, and significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Faecalibacterium genera. But SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, and only increased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella genus. Conclusion Our work demonstrated that though SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, it markedly reduced the fecal E. coli population, and improved growth and innate immunity in piglets. Our finding suggested that SH could be an alternative to ATB in piglet feed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:05:59Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-19611c2e4c004ae99f8b52915bdc86ea2023-12-03T09:31:09ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-04-018e906710.7717/peerj.9067Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned pigletsYuqing Sun0Shi Zhong1Bo Deng2Qinsheng Jin3Jie Wu4Jinxi Huo5Jianxun Zhu6Cheng Zhang7Yougui Li8Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, ChinaSericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, ChinaAgricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Nanxun District, Huzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaInstitute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, ChinaSericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, ChinaSericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, ChinaHangzhou Zhengxing Animal Husbandry co. LTD, Linan, Zhejiang, ChinaSericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, ChinaBackground Antibiotics are the most commonly used growth-promoting additives in pig feed especially for weaned piglets. But in recent years their use has been restricted because of bacterial resistance. Phellinus, a genus of medicinal fungi, is widely used in Asia to treat gastroenteric dysfunction, hemrrhage, and tumors. Phellinus is reported to improve body weight on mice with colitis. Therefore, we hypothesize that it could benefit the health and growth of piglets, and could be used as an alternative to antibiotic. Here, the effect of Phellinus gilvus mycelia (SH) and antibiotic growth promoter (ATB) were investigated on weaned piglets. Methods A total of 72 crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (n = 4 pens per treatment group with six piglets per pen). The control group was fed basal diet; the SH treatment group was fed basal diet containing 5 g/kg SH; the ATB treatment group was feed basal diet containing 75 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg kitasamycin. The experiment period was 28 days. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed intake to gain ratio were calculated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum were assessed. Viable plate counts of Escherichia coli in feces were measured. Fecal microbiota was analyzed via the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Results The ADG (1–28 day) of piglets was significantly higher in SH and ATB treatment groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control, and the ADG did not show significant difference between SH and ATB treatment groups (P > 0.05). Both SH and ATB treatments increased the MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in serum compared to the control (P < 0.05), but the levels in SH group were all significantly higher than in the ATB group (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiological analysis showed that viable E. coli counts were dramatically decreased by SH and ATB. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that ATB shifted the microbiota structure drastically, and significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Faecalibacterium genera. But SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, and only increased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella genus. Conclusion Our work demonstrated that though SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, it markedly reduced the fecal E. coli population, and improved growth and innate immunity in piglets. Our finding suggested that SH could be an alternative to ATB in piglet feed.https://peerj.com/articles/9067.pdfGrowth promotingPigletPhellinus gilvusFecal microbiotaImmunological parametersAntibiotic |
| spellingShingle | Yuqing Sun Shi Zhong Bo Deng Qinsheng Jin Jie Wu Jinxi Huo Jianxun Zhu Cheng Zhang Yougui Li Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets PeerJ Growth promoting Piglet Phellinus gilvus Fecal microbiota Immunological parameters Antibiotic |
| title | Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets |
| title_full | Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets |
| title_short | Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets |
| title_sort | impact of phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets |
| topic | Growth promoting Piglet Phellinus gilvus Fecal microbiota Immunological parameters Antibiotic |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/9067.pdf |
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