| Summary: | Haibin Lu,1,2,* Lei Wan,2,* Xiaoling Li,2 Mu Zhang,2 Adnan Shakoor,3 Wenqiang Li,4 Xueyang Zhang1,2 1Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, People’s Republic of China; 2Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices of Guangdong, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenqiang Li, Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices of Guangdong, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8602038025086, Fax +02038025086, Email liwq@gzsport.edu.cn Xueyang Zhang, Email zhangxueyang666@126.comIntroduction: Kochiae Fructus has been widely used in Chinese Herbal medicine to treat various diseases. We report a rapid and eco-friendly approach for cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis using the extract of medicinally important plant “Kochiae Fructus”, and the synthesized NPs were named KF-CeO2 NPs.Methods: Various spectroscopic approaches such as transmission electron microscope (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX) were used to characterize the KF-CeO2 NPs effectively. The antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity of KF-CeO2 NPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria was determined using the serial dilution method and XTT assay. KF-CeO2 NPs were assessed for anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cells using an MTT assay. Cytobiocompatibility was determined in two normal cell lines (3T3 and hMSC).Results and Discussion: The average size of the KF-CeO2 NPs was 11.3 ± 3.9 nm with spherical morphology. KF-CeO2 NPs demonstrated a greater than 95% bactericidal efficacy against MDR microorganisms. In addition, KF-CeO2 NPs strongly suppressed (more than 79%) the biofilms of MDR bacteria, indicating their potential for addressing antibiotic resistance issues. Compared to Kochiae Fructus extract and CH-CeO2 NPs, they exhibited significant cytotoxic effects (35.60% cell viability) on HeLa cancer cells. In addition, the KF-CeO2 NPs were shown to be highly biocompatible with hMSC and 3T3 cell lines (85.13% and 81.17% cell viability, respectively), suggesting that they may be employed in biological systems.Conclusion: These data indicate that KF-CeO2 NPs synthesized using Kochiae Fructus extract are promising alternative treatments for MDR. In addition, this study will give the potential for the sustained development of biocompatible NPs with enhanced biological capabilities derived from vital pharmaceutical plants.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: green synthesis, CeO2 NPs, Kochiae Fructus, antimicrobial, cytobiocompatibility
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