Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local Anesthesia
Surgical castration of piglets is generally recognized as a painful procedure, but there is currently no gold standard for the assessment of pain behavior in piglets. However, pain assessment is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of local anesthetics. In this study, we investigated the effic...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/529 |
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| author | Regina Miller Andrea Grott Dorian Patzkéwitsch Dorothea Döring Nora Abendschön Pauline Deffner Judith Reiser Mathias Ritzmann Anna M. Saller Paul Schmidt Steffanie Senf Julia Werner Christine Baumgartner Susanne Zöls Michael Erhard Shana Bergmann |
| author_facet | Regina Miller Andrea Grott Dorian Patzkéwitsch Dorothea Döring Nora Abendschön Pauline Deffner Judith Reiser Mathias Ritzmann Anna M. Saller Paul Schmidt Steffanie Senf Julia Werner Christine Baumgartner Susanne Zöls Michael Erhard Shana Bergmann |
| author_sort | Regina Miller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surgical castration of piglets is generally recognized as a painful procedure, but there is currently no gold standard for the assessment of pain behavior in piglets. However, pain assessment is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of local anesthetics. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of four local anesthetics in terms of pain relief during and after surgical castration in three sequential study parts. To do so, we filmed 178 piglets before the applied procedures, after injection of the local anesthetic, and up to 24 h after castration (five observation times in total) in an observation arena and compared their behavior before and after castration and between treatments and control groups. The results showed significant differences in the behavior of the piglets before and after castration and between the sham-castrated control group and the control group castrated without anesthesia. The different local anesthesia treatment groups showed diverging differences to the control groups. The most frequently shown pain-associated behaviors of the piglets were changes in tail position and hunched back posture. We observed a reduction but no complete elimination of the expressed pain-associated behaviors after local anesthesia. Several behavioral changes—such as changes in tail position, hunched back posture or tail wagging—persisted until the day after castration. Owing to the limited duration of the effects of the local anesthetics, local anesthesia did not influence long-term pain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19798977eb504ae3b15485821e1b6273 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-19798977eb504ae3b15485821e1b62732023-11-16T16:02:08ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-02-0113352910.3390/ani13030529Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local AnesthesiaRegina Miller0Andrea Grott1Dorian Patzkéwitsch2Dorothea Döring3Nora Abendschön4Pauline Deffner5Judith Reiser6Mathias Ritzmann7Anna M. Saller8Paul Schmidt9Steffanie Senf10Julia Werner11Christine Baumgartner12Susanne Zöls13Michael Erhard14Shana Bergmann15Department of Veterinary Science, Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Veterinary Science, Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Veterinary Science, Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Veterinary Science, Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyClinic for Swine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyClinic for Swine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyCenter for Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyClinic for Swine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyCenter for Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyStatistical Consulting for Science and Research, Große Seestr. 8, 13086 Berlin, GermanyClinic for Swine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyCenter for Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyCenter for Preclinical Research, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, GermanyClinic for Swine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, GermanyDepartment of Veterinary Science, Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Veterinary Science, Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanySurgical castration of piglets is generally recognized as a painful procedure, but there is currently no gold standard for the assessment of pain behavior in piglets. However, pain assessment is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of local anesthetics. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of four local anesthetics in terms of pain relief during and after surgical castration in three sequential study parts. To do so, we filmed 178 piglets before the applied procedures, after injection of the local anesthetic, and up to 24 h after castration (five observation times in total) in an observation arena and compared their behavior before and after castration and between treatments and control groups. The results showed significant differences in the behavior of the piglets before and after castration and between the sham-castrated control group and the control group castrated without anesthesia. The different local anesthesia treatment groups showed diverging differences to the control groups. The most frequently shown pain-associated behaviors of the piglets were changes in tail position and hunched back posture. We observed a reduction but no complete elimination of the expressed pain-associated behaviors after local anesthesia. Several behavioral changes—such as changes in tail position, hunched back posture or tail wagging—persisted until the day after castration. Owing to the limited duration of the effects of the local anesthetics, local anesthesia did not influence long-term pain.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/529animal welfarepain reliefprocainelidocainemepivacainebupivacaine |
| spellingShingle | Regina Miller Andrea Grott Dorian Patzkéwitsch Dorothea Döring Nora Abendschön Pauline Deffner Judith Reiser Mathias Ritzmann Anna M. Saller Paul Schmidt Steffanie Senf Julia Werner Christine Baumgartner Susanne Zöls Michael Erhard Shana Bergmann Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local Anesthesia Animals animal welfare pain relief procaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine |
| title | Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local Anesthesia |
| title_full | Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local Anesthesia |
| title_fullStr | Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local Anesthesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local Anesthesia |
| title_short | Behavior of Piglets in an Observation Arena before and after Surgical Castration with Local Anesthesia |
| title_sort | behavior of piglets in an observation arena before and after surgical castration with local anesthesia |
| topic | animal welfare pain relief procaine lidocaine mepivacaine bupivacaine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/529 |
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