Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status
IntroductionAntimony (Sb), a common rare heavy metal, is naturally present in soils at low concentrations. However, it is increasingly used in industrial applications, which in turn, leads to an increased release into the environment, exerting a detrimental impact on plant growth. Thus, it is import...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1244019/full |
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| author | Galal Khamis Ahmed Mohamed Reyad Emad A. Alsherif Mahmoud M. Y. Madany Shereen Magdy Korany Han Asard Hamada AbdElgawad Hamada AbdElgawad |
| author_facet | Galal Khamis Ahmed Mohamed Reyad Emad A. Alsherif Mahmoud M. Y. Madany Shereen Magdy Korany Han Asard Hamada AbdElgawad Hamada AbdElgawad |
| author_sort | Galal Khamis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionAntimony (Sb), a common rare heavy metal, is naturally present in soils at low concentrations. However, it is increasingly used in industrial applications, which in turn, leads to an increased release into the environment, exerting a detrimental impact on plant growth. Thus, it is important to study Sb effects on plants under the current and future CO2 (eCO2).MethodsTo this end, high Sb concentrations (1500 mg/kg soil) effects under ambient (420 ppm) and eCO2 (710 ppm) on wheat growth, physiology (photosynthesis reactions) and biochemistry (minerals contents, redox state), were studied and soil microbial were evaluated.Results and discussionOur results showed that Sb uptake significantly decreased wheat growth by 42%. This reduction could be explained by the inhibition in photosynthesis rate, Rubisco activity, and photosynthetic pigments (Cha and Chb), by 35%, 44%, and 51%, respectively. Sb significantly reduced total bacterial and fungal count and increased phenolic and organic acids levels in the soil to decrease Sb uptake. Moreover, it induced oxidative markers, as indicated by the increased levels of H2O2 and MDA (1.96 and 2.8-fold compared to the control condition, respectively). To reduce this damage, antioxidant capacity (TAC), CAT, POX, and SOD enzymes activity were increased by 1.61, 2.2, 2.87, and 1.86-fold, respectively. In contrast, eCO2 mitigated growth inhibition in Sb-treated wheat. eCO2 and Sb coapplication mitigated the Sb harmful effect on growth by reducing Sb uptake and improving photosynthesis and Rubisco enzyme activity by 0.58, 1.57, and 1.4-fold compared to the corresponding Sb treatments, respectively. To reduce Sb uptake and improve mineral availability for plants, a high accumulation of phenolics level and organic acids in the soil was observed. eCO2 reduces Sb-induced oxidative damage by improving redox status. In conclusion, our study has provided valuable insights into the physiological and biochemical bases underlie the Sb-stress mitigating of eCO2 conditions. Furthermore, this is important step to define strategies to prevent its adverse effects of Sb on plants in the future. |
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| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-19804093a7d049c6b2e6d2ec61e273092023-09-13T21:55:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-09-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12440191244019Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox statusGalal Khamis0Ahmed Mohamed Reyad1Emad A. Alsherif2Mahmoud M. Y. Madany3Shereen Magdy Korany4Han Asard5Hamada AbdElgawad6Hamada AbdElgawad7Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture (LAMPA), National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptBiology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumIntroductionAntimony (Sb), a common rare heavy metal, is naturally present in soils at low concentrations. However, it is increasingly used in industrial applications, which in turn, leads to an increased release into the environment, exerting a detrimental impact on plant growth. Thus, it is important to study Sb effects on plants under the current and future CO2 (eCO2).MethodsTo this end, high Sb concentrations (1500 mg/kg soil) effects under ambient (420 ppm) and eCO2 (710 ppm) on wheat growth, physiology (photosynthesis reactions) and biochemistry (minerals contents, redox state), were studied and soil microbial were evaluated.Results and discussionOur results showed that Sb uptake significantly decreased wheat growth by 42%. This reduction could be explained by the inhibition in photosynthesis rate, Rubisco activity, and photosynthetic pigments (Cha and Chb), by 35%, 44%, and 51%, respectively. Sb significantly reduced total bacterial and fungal count and increased phenolic and organic acids levels in the soil to decrease Sb uptake. Moreover, it induced oxidative markers, as indicated by the increased levels of H2O2 and MDA (1.96 and 2.8-fold compared to the control condition, respectively). To reduce this damage, antioxidant capacity (TAC), CAT, POX, and SOD enzymes activity were increased by 1.61, 2.2, 2.87, and 1.86-fold, respectively. In contrast, eCO2 mitigated growth inhibition in Sb-treated wheat. eCO2 and Sb coapplication mitigated the Sb harmful effect on growth by reducing Sb uptake and improving photosynthesis and Rubisco enzyme activity by 0.58, 1.57, and 1.4-fold compared to the corresponding Sb treatments, respectively. To reduce Sb uptake and improve mineral availability for plants, a high accumulation of phenolics level and organic acids in the soil was observed. eCO2 reduces Sb-induced oxidative damage by improving redox status. In conclusion, our study has provided valuable insights into the physiological and biochemical bases underlie the Sb-stress mitigating of eCO2 conditions. Furthermore, this is important step to define strategies to prevent its adverse effects of Sb on plants in the future.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1244019/fullantimonyeCO2wheatantioxidantsphotosynthesisminerals contents |
| spellingShingle | Galal Khamis Ahmed Mohamed Reyad Emad A. Alsherif Mahmoud M. Y. Madany Shereen Magdy Korany Han Asard Hamada AbdElgawad Hamada AbdElgawad Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status Frontiers in Plant Science antimony eCO2 wheat antioxidants photosynthesis minerals contents |
| title | Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status |
| title_full | Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status |
| title_fullStr | Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status |
| title_short | Elevated CO2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis, soil microbial content, minerals, and redox status |
| title_sort | elevated co2 reduced antimony toxicity in wheat plants by improving photosynthesis soil microbial content minerals and redox status |
| topic | antimony eCO2 wheat antioxidants photosynthesis minerals contents |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1244019/full |
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