Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions
<p>To compare in situ and laboratory estimates of sea spray aerosol (SSA) production fluxes, we conducted two research campaigns in the vicinity of an eddy covariance (EC) flux tower on the island of Östergarnsholm in the Baltic Sea during May and August 2021. To accomplish this, we performed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/1895/2024/acp-24-1895-2024.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797315699337592832 |
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| author | J. Zinke J. Zinke E. D. Nilsson E. D. Nilsson P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Zieger P. Zieger E. M. Mårtensson E. M. Mårtensson A. Rutgersson E. Nilsson M. E. Salter M. E. Salter |
| author_facet | J. Zinke J. Zinke E. D. Nilsson E. D. Nilsson P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Zieger P. Zieger E. M. Mårtensson E. M. Mårtensson A. Rutgersson E. Nilsson M. E. Salter M. E. Salter |
| author_sort | J. Zinke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>To compare in situ and laboratory estimates of sea spray aerosol (SSA) production fluxes, we conducted two research campaigns in the vicinity of an eddy covariance (EC) flux tower on the island of Östergarnsholm in the Baltic Sea during May and August 2021. To accomplish this, we performed EC flux measurements for particles with diameters between 0.25 and 2.5 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> simultaneously with laboratory measurements using a plunging jet sea spray simulation chamber containing local seawater sampled close to the footprint of the flux tower. We observed a log-linear relationship between wind speed and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, a power-law relationship between significant wave height and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, and a linear relationship between wave Reynolds number and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, all of which are consistent with earlier studies. Although we observed a weak negative relationship between particle production in the sea spray simulation chamber and seawater chlorophyll-<span class="inline-formula"><i>α</i></span> concentration and a weak positive relationship with the concentration of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in seawater, we did not observe any significant impact of dissolved oxygen on particle production in the chamber.</p>
<p>To obtain an estimate of the size-resolved emission spectrum for particles with dry diameters between 0.015 and 10 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span>, we combined the estimates of SSA particle production fluxes obtained using the EC measurements and the chamber measurements in three different ways: (1) using the traditional continuous whitecap method, (2) using air entrainment measurements, and (3) simply scaling the chamber data to the EC fluxes. In doing so, we observed that the magnitude of the EC-derived emission fluxes compared relatively well to the magnitude of the fluxes obtained using the chamber air entrainment method as well as the previous flux measurements of <span class="cit" id="xref_text.1"><a href="#bib1.bibx54">Nilsson et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx54">2021</a>)</span> and the parameterizations of <span class="cit" id="xref_text.2"><a href="#bib1.bibx40">Mårtensson et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx40">2003</a>)</span> and <span class="cit" id="xref_text.3"><a href="#bib1.bibx67">Salter et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx67">2015</a>)</span>. As a result of these measurements, we have derived a wind-speed-dependent and wave-state-dependent SSA parameterization for particles with dry diameters between 0.015 and 10 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> for low-salinity waters such as the Baltic Sea, thus providing a more accurate estimation of SSA production fluxes.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:07:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19898d881ae247bc93d170b62ccf0421 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:07:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-19898d881ae247bc93d170b62ccf04212024-02-13T08:26:15ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242024-02-01241895191810.5194/acp-24-1895-2024Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissionsJ. Zinke0J. Zinke1E. D. Nilsson2E. D. Nilsson3P. Markuszewski4P. Markuszewski5P. Markuszewski6P. Zieger7P. Zieger8E. M. Mårtensson9E. M. Mårtensson10A. Rutgersson11E. Nilsson12M. E. Salter13M. E. Salter14Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Science, Sopot, PolandDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden<p>To compare in situ and laboratory estimates of sea spray aerosol (SSA) production fluxes, we conducted two research campaigns in the vicinity of an eddy covariance (EC) flux tower on the island of Östergarnsholm in the Baltic Sea during May and August 2021. To accomplish this, we performed EC flux measurements for particles with diameters between 0.25 and 2.5 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> simultaneously with laboratory measurements using a plunging jet sea spray simulation chamber containing local seawater sampled close to the footprint of the flux tower. We observed a log-linear relationship between wind speed and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, a power-law relationship between significant wave height and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, and a linear relationship between wave Reynolds number and EC-derived SSA emission fluxes, all of which are consistent with earlier studies. Although we observed a weak negative relationship between particle production in the sea spray simulation chamber and seawater chlorophyll-<span class="inline-formula"><i>α</i></span> concentration and a weak positive relationship with the concentration of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in seawater, we did not observe any significant impact of dissolved oxygen on particle production in the chamber.</p> <p>To obtain an estimate of the size-resolved emission spectrum for particles with dry diameters between 0.015 and 10 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span>, we combined the estimates of SSA particle production fluxes obtained using the EC measurements and the chamber measurements in three different ways: (1) using the traditional continuous whitecap method, (2) using air entrainment measurements, and (3) simply scaling the chamber data to the EC fluxes. In doing so, we observed that the magnitude of the EC-derived emission fluxes compared relatively well to the magnitude of the fluxes obtained using the chamber air entrainment method as well as the previous flux measurements of <span class="cit" id="xref_text.1"><a href="#bib1.bibx54">Nilsson et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx54">2021</a>)</span> and the parameterizations of <span class="cit" id="xref_text.2"><a href="#bib1.bibx40">Mårtensson et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx40">2003</a>)</span> and <span class="cit" id="xref_text.3"><a href="#bib1.bibx67">Salter et al.</a> (<a href="#bib1.bibx67">2015</a>)</span>. As a result of these measurements, we have derived a wind-speed-dependent and wave-state-dependent SSA parameterization for particles with dry diameters between 0.015 and 10 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> for low-salinity waters such as the Baltic Sea, thus providing a more accurate estimation of SSA production fluxes.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/1895/2024/acp-24-1895-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. Zinke J. Zinke E. D. Nilsson E. D. Nilsson P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Zieger P. Zieger E. M. Mårtensson E. M. Mårtensson A. Rutgersson E. Nilsson M. E. Salter M. E. Salter Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions |
| title_full | Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions |
| title_fullStr | Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions |
| title_short | Sea spray emissions from the Baltic Sea: comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber-simulated sea spray emissions |
| title_sort | sea spray emissions from the baltic sea comparison of aerosol eddy covariance fluxes and chamber simulated sea spray emissions |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/1895/2024/acp-24-1895-2024.pdf |
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