Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Although multiple studies have revealed a close association of skipping breakfast with cardiometabolic diseases, few studies have reported its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, there is scant reporting on the clinical impacts that skipping lunch and dinner has on cardiometa...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3549 |
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| author | Ryohei Tomi Ryohei Yamamoto Maki Shinzawa Yoshiki Kimura Yoshiyuki Fujii Katsunori Aoki Shingo Ozaki Ryuichi Yoshimura Manabu Taneike Kaori Nakanishi Makoto Nishida Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara Takashi Kudo Yoshitaka Isaka Toshiki Moriyama |
| author_facet | Ryohei Tomi Ryohei Yamamoto Maki Shinzawa Yoshiki Kimura Yoshiyuki Fujii Katsunori Aoki Shingo Ozaki Ryuichi Yoshimura Manabu Taneike Kaori Nakanishi Makoto Nishida Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara Takashi Kudo Yoshitaka Isaka Toshiki Moriyama |
| author_sort | Ryohei Tomi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although multiple studies have revealed a close association of skipping breakfast with cardiometabolic diseases, few studies have reported its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, there is scant reporting on the clinical impacts that skipping lunch and dinner has on cardiometabolic diseases and CKD. This retrospective cohort study, including 5439 female and 4674 male workers of a national university in Japan who underwent annual health checkups between January 2005 and March 2013, aimed to assess an association of frequencies of breakfast, lunch, and dinner with incidence of proteinuria (dipstick urinary protein ≥1+). The incidence of proteinuria was observed in 763 (14.0%) females and 617 (13.2%) males during the median 4.3 and 5.9 years of the observational period, respectively. In females, skipping breakfast as well as skipping dinner, but not lunch, were associated with the incidence of proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratios of breakfast frequency of “every day”, “sometimes”, and “rarely”: 1.00 (reference), 1.35 (1.09–1.66), and 1.54 (1.22–1.94), respectively; those of dinner frequency of “every day” and “≤sometimes”: 1.00 (reference) and 1.31 (1.00–1.72), respectively). However, no association was observed in male workers. Skipping breakfast and skipping dinner were identified as risk factors of proteinuria in females, but not in males. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:42:37Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:42:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-198a09e1de4248bbbccca8737d0a163e2023-11-20T21:36:06ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-11-011211354910.3390/nu12113549Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort StudyRyohei Tomi0Ryohei Yamamoto1Maki Shinzawa2Yoshiki Kimura3Yoshiyuki Fujii4Katsunori Aoki5Shingo Ozaki6Ryuichi Yoshimura7Manabu Taneike8Kaori Nakanishi9Makoto Nishida10Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara11Takashi Kudo12Yoshitaka Isaka13Toshiki Moriyama14Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanHealth and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanAlthough multiple studies have revealed a close association of skipping breakfast with cardiometabolic diseases, few studies have reported its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, there is scant reporting on the clinical impacts that skipping lunch and dinner has on cardiometabolic diseases and CKD. This retrospective cohort study, including 5439 female and 4674 male workers of a national university in Japan who underwent annual health checkups between January 2005 and March 2013, aimed to assess an association of frequencies of breakfast, lunch, and dinner with incidence of proteinuria (dipstick urinary protein ≥1+). The incidence of proteinuria was observed in 763 (14.0%) females and 617 (13.2%) males during the median 4.3 and 5.9 years of the observational period, respectively. In females, skipping breakfast as well as skipping dinner, but not lunch, were associated with the incidence of proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratios of breakfast frequency of “every day”, “sometimes”, and “rarely”: 1.00 (reference), 1.35 (1.09–1.66), and 1.54 (1.22–1.94), respectively; those of dinner frequency of “every day” and “≤sometimes”: 1.00 (reference) and 1.31 (1.00–1.72), respectively). However, no association was observed in male workers. Skipping breakfast and skipping dinner were identified as risk factors of proteinuria in females, but not in males.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3549proteinuriabreakfastlunchdinnerretrospective cohort study |
| spellingShingle | Ryohei Tomi Ryohei Yamamoto Maki Shinzawa Yoshiki Kimura Yoshiyuki Fujii Katsunori Aoki Shingo Ozaki Ryuichi Yoshimura Manabu Taneike Kaori Nakanishi Makoto Nishida Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara Takashi Kudo Yoshitaka Isaka Toshiki Moriyama Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study Nutrients proteinuria breakfast lunch dinner retrospective cohort study |
| title | Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_full | Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_short | Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
| title_sort | frequency of breakfast lunch and dinner and incidence of proteinuria a retrospective cohort study |
| topic | proteinuria breakfast lunch dinner retrospective cohort study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3549 |
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