Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow Rate
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as power sources for electric vehicles due to their various advantages, including high energy density and low self-discharge rate. However, the safety challenges associated with LIB thermal runaway (TR) still need to be addressed. In the present study, th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Batteries |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/552 |
| _version_ | 1797460167267188736 |
|---|---|
| author | Wanyi Wu Qiaomin Ke Jian Guo Yiwei Wang Yishu Qiu Jiwen Cen Fangming Jiang |
| author_facet | Wanyi Wu Qiaomin Ke Jian Guo Yiwei Wang Yishu Qiu Jiwen Cen Fangming Jiang |
| author_sort | Wanyi Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as power sources for electric vehicles due to their various advantages, including high energy density and low self-discharge rate. However, the safety challenges associated with LIB thermal runaway (TR) still need to be addressed. In the present study, the effects of the battery SOC value and coolant flow rate on the TR behavior in a LIB pack are comprehensively investigated. The battery pack consists of 10 18650-type LIBs applied with the serpentine channel liquid-cooling thermal management system (TMS). The TR tests for various SOC values (50%, 75% and 100%) and coolant flow rates (0 L/h, 32 L/h, 64 L/h and 96 L/h) are analyzed. The retarding effect of the TMS on TR propagation is found to be correlated with both the coolant flow rate and the battery SOC value, and a larger coolant flow rate and lower SOC generally result in fewer TR batteries. Furthermore, the TR propagation rate, evaluated by the time interval of TR occurrence between the adjacent batteries, increases with the battery SOC. The battery pack with 100% SOC shows more rapid TR propagation, which can be completed in just a few seconds, in contrast to several minutes for 50% and 75% SOC cases. In addition, the impact of the battery SOC and coolant flow rate on the maximum temperature of the TR battery is also examined, and no determined association is observed between them. However, it is found that the upstream batteries (closer to the external heater) show a slightly higher maximum temperature than the downstream ones, indicating a weak association between the TR battery maximum temperature and the external heating duration or the battery temperature at which the TR starts to take place. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:01:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1997698a303c4be68dd8702505e9286c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:01:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-1997698a303c4be68dd8702505e9286c2023-11-24T14:29:11ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-11-0191155210.3390/batteries9110552Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow RateWanyi Wu0Qiaomin Ke1Jian Guo2Yiwei Wang3Yishu Qiu4Jiwen Cen5Fangming Jiang6School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaLaboratory of Advanced Energy Systems, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaLaboratory of Advanced Energy Systems, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, ChinaLaboratory of Advanced Energy Systems, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as power sources for electric vehicles due to their various advantages, including high energy density and low self-discharge rate. However, the safety challenges associated with LIB thermal runaway (TR) still need to be addressed. In the present study, the effects of the battery SOC value and coolant flow rate on the TR behavior in a LIB pack are comprehensively investigated. The battery pack consists of 10 18650-type LIBs applied with the serpentine channel liquid-cooling thermal management system (TMS). The TR tests for various SOC values (50%, 75% and 100%) and coolant flow rates (0 L/h, 32 L/h, 64 L/h and 96 L/h) are analyzed. The retarding effect of the TMS on TR propagation is found to be correlated with both the coolant flow rate and the battery SOC value, and a larger coolant flow rate and lower SOC generally result in fewer TR batteries. Furthermore, the TR propagation rate, evaluated by the time interval of TR occurrence between the adjacent batteries, increases with the battery SOC. The battery pack with 100% SOC shows more rapid TR propagation, which can be completed in just a few seconds, in contrast to several minutes for 50% and 75% SOC cases. In addition, the impact of the battery SOC and coolant flow rate on the maximum temperature of the TR battery is also examined, and no determined association is observed between them. However, it is found that the upstream batteries (closer to the external heater) show a slightly higher maximum temperature than the downstream ones, indicating a weak association between the TR battery maximum temperature and the external heating duration or the battery temperature at which the TR starts to take place.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/552lithium-ion batterythermal runaway propagationthermal managementliquid coolingstate of charge |
| spellingShingle | Wanyi Wu Qiaomin Ke Jian Guo Yiwei Wang Yishu Qiu Jiwen Cen Fangming Jiang Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow Rate Batteries lithium-ion battery thermal runaway propagation thermal management liquid cooling state of charge |
| title | Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow Rate |
| title_full | Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow Rate |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow Rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow Rate |
| title_short | Experimental Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack: Effects of State of Charge and Coolant Flow Rate |
| title_sort | experimental investigation of thermal runaway propagation in a lithium ion battery pack effects of state of charge and coolant flow rate |
| topic | lithium-ion battery thermal runaway propagation thermal management liquid cooling state of charge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/552 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wanyiwu experimentalinvestigationofthermalrunawaypropagationinalithiumionbatterypackeffectsofstateofchargeandcoolantflowrate AT qiaominke experimentalinvestigationofthermalrunawaypropagationinalithiumionbatterypackeffectsofstateofchargeandcoolantflowrate AT jianguo experimentalinvestigationofthermalrunawaypropagationinalithiumionbatterypackeffectsofstateofchargeandcoolantflowrate AT yiweiwang experimentalinvestigationofthermalrunawaypropagationinalithiumionbatterypackeffectsofstateofchargeandcoolantflowrate AT yishuqiu experimentalinvestigationofthermalrunawaypropagationinalithiumionbatterypackeffectsofstateofchargeandcoolantflowrate AT jiwencen experimentalinvestigationofthermalrunawaypropagationinalithiumionbatterypackeffectsofstateofchargeandcoolantflowrate AT fangmingjiang experimentalinvestigationofthermalrunawaypropagationinalithiumionbatterypackeffectsofstateofchargeandcoolantflowrate |