Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl functional groups from lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins. There are 18 mammalian HDACs, which are classified into four classes based on the primary homology with yeast HDACs. Among these g...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Pathophysiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/29/3/38 |
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| author | Supaporn Kulthinee Naohiro Yano Shougang Zhuang Lijiang Wang Ting C. Zhao |
| author_facet | Supaporn Kulthinee Naohiro Yano Shougang Zhuang Lijiang Wang Ting C. Zhao |
| author_sort | Supaporn Kulthinee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl functional groups from lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins. There are 18 mammalian HDACs, which are classified into four classes based on the primary homology with yeast HDACs. Among these groups, Class I and II HDACs play a major role in lysine deacetylation of the N-terminal histone tails. In mammals, HDACs play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene transcription, cell growth, survival, and proliferation. HDACs regulate the expression of inflammatory genes, as evidenced by the potent anti-inflammatory activity of pan-HDAC inhibitors, which were implicated in several pathophysiologic states in the inflammation process. However, it is unclear how each of the 18 HDAC proteins specifically contributes to the inflammatory gene expression. It is firmly established that inflammation and its inability to converge are central mechanisms in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that several different pro-inflammatory cytokines regulated by HDACs are associated with various CVDs. Based on this hypothesis, the potential for the treatment of CVDs with HDAC inhibitors has recently begun to attract attention. In this review, we will briefly discuss (1) pathophysiology of inflammation in cardiovascular disease, (2) the function of HDACs in the regulation of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and (3) the possible therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies reveal that histone deacetylase contributes critically to mediating the pathophysiology of inflammation in cardiovascular disease. HDACs are also recognized as one of the major mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation and cardiovascular function. HDACs show promise in developing potential therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitors in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:52:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-199d81cb429d475f94f8f47439dfe8fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1873-149X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:52:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathophysiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-199d81cb429d475f94f8f47439dfe8fb2023-11-23T18:17:08ZengMDPI AGPathophysiology1873-149X2022-08-0129347148510.3390/pathophysiology29030038Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular DiseasesSupaporn Kulthinee0Naohiro Yano1Shougang Zhuang2Lijiang Wang3Ting C. Zhao4Cardiovascular and Metabolism Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USADepartment of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USADepartment of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USACardiovascular and Metabolism Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USACardiovascular and Metabolism Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USAHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl functional groups from lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins. There are 18 mammalian HDACs, which are classified into four classes based on the primary homology with yeast HDACs. Among these groups, Class I and II HDACs play a major role in lysine deacetylation of the N-terminal histone tails. In mammals, HDACs play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene transcription, cell growth, survival, and proliferation. HDACs regulate the expression of inflammatory genes, as evidenced by the potent anti-inflammatory activity of pan-HDAC inhibitors, which were implicated in several pathophysiologic states in the inflammation process. However, it is unclear how each of the 18 HDAC proteins specifically contributes to the inflammatory gene expression. It is firmly established that inflammation and its inability to converge are central mechanisms in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that several different pro-inflammatory cytokines regulated by HDACs are associated with various CVDs. Based on this hypothesis, the potential for the treatment of CVDs with HDAC inhibitors has recently begun to attract attention. In this review, we will briefly discuss (1) pathophysiology of inflammation in cardiovascular disease, (2) the function of HDACs in the regulation of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and (3) the possible therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies reveal that histone deacetylase contributes critically to mediating the pathophysiology of inflammation in cardiovascular disease. HDACs are also recognized as one of the major mechanisms in the regulation of inflammation and cardiovascular function. HDACs show promise in developing potential therapeutic implications of HDAC inhibitors in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/29/3/38HDACscytokinesinflammationcardiovascular diseases |
| spellingShingle | Supaporn Kulthinee Naohiro Yano Shougang Zhuang Lijiang Wang Ting C. Zhao Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases Pathophysiology HDACs cytokines inflammation cardiovascular diseases |
| title | Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_full | Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_short | Critical Functions of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Modulating Inflammation Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases |
| title_sort | critical functions of histone deacetylases hdacs in modulating inflammation associated with cardiovascular diseases |
| topic | HDACs cytokines inflammation cardiovascular diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/29/3/38 |
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