On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical Approaches
In recent years, mushrooms have drawn the attention of agro-industries and food-industries as they were considered to be valuable natural sources of health promoting compounds such as β-glucans, ergothioneine, and lovastatin. The detection and quantification of such compounds by implementing reliabl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1832 |
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| author | Konstantinos Tsiantas Thalia Tsiaka Georgios Koutrotsios Eleni Siapi Georgios I. Zervakis Nick Kalogeropoulos Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis |
| author_facet | Konstantinos Tsiantas Thalia Tsiaka Georgios Koutrotsios Eleni Siapi Georgios I. Zervakis Nick Kalogeropoulos Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis |
| author_sort | Konstantinos Tsiantas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, mushrooms have drawn the attention of agro-industries and food-industries as they were considered to be valuable natural sources of health promoting compounds such as β-glucans, ergothioneine, and lovastatin. The detection and quantification of such compounds by implementing reliable analytical approaches is of the utmost importance in order to adjust mushrooms’ cultivation conditions and maximize the production in different species. Toward this direction, the current study focuses on the comparison of ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods (a) by evaluating the content of ergothioneine and lovastatin in mushrooms and (b) by highlighting any possible substrate-based interferences that hinder the accurate determination of these two compounds in order to propose the technique-of-choice for a standardized bioactive compounds monitoring. For this purpose, mushrooms produced by three species (i.e., <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>, and <i>P. citrinopileatus</i>) on various cultivation substrates, namely wheat straw (WS), winery (grape marc (GM)), and olive oil (OL) by-products, were examined. Among the two applied techniques, the developed and validated LC–MS methods, exhibiting relatively short analysis time and higher resolution, emerge as the methods-of-choice for detecting ergothioneine and lovastatin in mushrooms. On the contrary, UV–Vis methods were hindered due to co-absorbance of different constituents, resulting in invalid results. Among the studied mushrooms, <i>P. citrinopileatus</i> contained the highest amount of ergothioneine (822.1 ± 20.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dry sample), whereas <i>A. bisporus</i> contained the highest amounts of lovastatin (1.39 ± 0.014 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dry sample). Regarding the effect of different cultivation substrates, mushrooms produced on OL and WS contained the highest amount of ergothioneine, while mushrooms deriving from GM-based substrates contained the highest amount of lovastatin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:55:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19aa6f6d49d34d559bb082fa62e85d08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:55:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-19aa6f6d49d34d559bb082fa62e85d082023-11-21T11:51:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-03-01267183210.3390/molecules26071832On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical ApproachesKonstantinos Tsiantas0Thalia Tsiaka1Georgios Koutrotsios2Eleni Siapi3Georgios I. Zervakis4Nick Kalogeropoulos5Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis6Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., 17661 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, GreeceIn recent years, mushrooms have drawn the attention of agro-industries and food-industries as they were considered to be valuable natural sources of health promoting compounds such as β-glucans, ergothioneine, and lovastatin. The detection and quantification of such compounds by implementing reliable analytical approaches is of the utmost importance in order to adjust mushrooms’ cultivation conditions and maximize the production in different species. Toward this direction, the current study focuses on the comparison of ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods (a) by evaluating the content of ergothioneine and lovastatin in mushrooms and (b) by highlighting any possible substrate-based interferences that hinder the accurate determination of these two compounds in order to propose the technique-of-choice for a standardized bioactive compounds monitoring. For this purpose, mushrooms produced by three species (i.e., <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>, and <i>P. citrinopileatus</i>) on various cultivation substrates, namely wheat straw (WS), winery (grape marc (GM)), and olive oil (OL) by-products, were examined. Among the two applied techniques, the developed and validated LC–MS methods, exhibiting relatively short analysis time and higher resolution, emerge as the methods-of-choice for detecting ergothioneine and lovastatin in mushrooms. On the contrary, UV–Vis methods were hindered due to co-absorbance of different constituents, resulting in invalid results. Among the studied mushrooms, <i>P. citrinopileatus</i> contained the highest amount of ergothioneine (822.1 ± 20.6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dry sample), whereas <i>A. bisporus</i> contained the highest amounts of lovastatin (1.39 ± 0.014 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dry sample). Regarding the effect of different cultivation substrates, mushrooms produced on OL and WS contained the highest amount of ergothioneine, while mushrooms deriving from GM-based substrates contained the highest amount of lovastatin.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1832mushroomsergothioneinelovastatinultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis)liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) |
| spellingShingle | Konstantinos Tsiantas Thalia Tsiaka Georgios Koutrotsios Eleni Siapi Georgios I. Zervakis Nick Kalogeropoulos Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical Approaches Molecules mushrooms ergothioneine lovastatin ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) |
| title | On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical Approaches |
| title_full | On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical Approaches |
| title_fullStr | On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical Approaches |
| title_short | On the Identification and Quantification of Ergothioneine and Lovastatin in Various Mushroom Species: Assets and Challenges of Different Analytical Approaches |
| title_sort | on the identification and quantification of ergothioneine and lovastatin in various mushroom species assets and challenges of different analytical approaches |
| topic | mushrooms ergothioneine lovastatin ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1832 |
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