Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a potentially toxic freshwater cyanobacterium that can tolerate a wide range of light and temperature. Due to climatic changes, the interaction between light and temperature is studied in aquatic systems, but no study has addressed the effect of both variables on th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/38 |
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| author | Marcella C. B. Mesquita Miquel Lürling Fabiane Dorr Ernani Pinto Marcelo M. Marinho |
| author_facet | Marcella C. B. Mesquita Miquel Lürling Fabiane Dorr Ernani Pinto Marcelo M. Marinho |
| author_sort | Marcella C. B. Mesquita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a potentially toxic freshwater cyanobacterium that can tolerate a wide range of light and temperature. Due to climatic changes, the interaction between light and temperature is studied in aquatic systems, but no study has addressed the effect of both variables on the saxitoxins production. This study evaluated the combined effect of light and temperature on saxitoxins production and cellular quota in C. raciborskii. Experiments were performed with three C. raciborskii strains in batch cultures under six light intensities (10, 40, 60, 100, 150, and 500 μmol of photons m−2 s−1) and four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). The growth of C. raciborskii strains was limited at lower temperatures and the maximum growth rates were obtained under higher light combined with temperatures equal or above 20 °C, depending on the strain. In general, growth was highest at 30 °C at the lower light intensities and equally high at 25 °C and 30 °C under higher light. Highest saxitoxins concentration and cell-quota occurred at 25 °C under high light intensities, but were much lower at 30 °C. Hence, increased temperatures combined with sufficient light will lead to higher C. raciborskii biomass, but blooms could become less toxic in tropical regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:59:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19b00faa66c04f5186352ba1824d8037 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:59:18Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-19b00faa66c04f5186352ba1824d80372022-12-22T04:28:39ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-01-011113810.3390/toxins11010038toxins11010038Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii StrainsMarcella C. B. Mesquita0Miquel Lürling1Fabiane Dorr2Ernani Pinto3Marcelo M. Marinho4Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, BrazilDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508000 São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508000 São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, BrazilCylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a potentially toxic freshwater cyanobacterium that can tolerate a wide range of light and temperature. Due to climatic changes, the interaction between light and temperature is studied in aquatic systems, but no study has addressed the effect of both variables on the saxitoxins production. This study evaluated the combined effect of light and temperature on saxitoxins production and cellular quota in C. raciborskii. Experiments were performed with three C. raciborskii strains in batch cultures under six light intensities (10, 40, 60, 100, 150, and 500 μmol of photons m−2 s−1) and four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). The growth of C. raciborskii strains was limited at lower temperatures and the maximum growth rates were obtained under higher light combined with temperatures equal or above 20 °C, depending on the strain. In general, growth was highest at 30 °C at the lower light intensities and equally high at 25 °C and 30 °C under higher light. Highest saxitoxins concentration and cell-quota occurred at 25 °C under high light intensities, but were much lower at 30 °C. Hence, increased temperatures combined with sufficient light will lead to higher C. raciborskii biomass, but blooms could become less toxic in tropical regions.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/38cyanobacteriacyanotoxinssaxitoxinsintraspecific variability |
| spellingShingle | Marcella C. B. Mesquita Miquel Lürling Fabiane Dorr Ernani Pinto Marcelo M. Marinho Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains Toxins cyanobacteria cyanotoxins saxitoxins intraspecific variability |
| title | Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains |
| title_full | Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains |
| title_fullStr | Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains |
| title_short | Combined Effect of Light and Temperature on the Production of Saxitoxins in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains |
| title_sort | combined effect of light and temperature on the production of saxitoxins in cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains |
| topic | cyanobacteria cyanotoxins saxitoxins intraspecific variability |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/38 |
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