An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations
Background: One main purpose of the World Anti-Doping Agency was to harmonize anti-doping efforts, including the provision of anti-doping education. A multifaceted approach to doping prevention can play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional doping. This article aimed to systematical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254619301498 |
| _version_ | 1828471181466927104 |
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| author | Katharina Gatterer Matthias Gumpenberger Marie Overbye Bernhard Streicher Wolfgang Schobersberger Cornelia Blank |
| author_facet | Katharina Gatterer Matthias Gumpenberger Marie Overbye Bernhard Streicher Wolfgang Schobersberger Cornelia Blank |
| author_sort | Katharina Gatterer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: One main purpose of the World Anti-Doping Agency was to harmonize anti-doping efforts, including the provision of anti-doping education. A multifaceted approach to doping prevention can play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional doping. This article aimed to systematically record and evaluate doping prevention approaches in the form of information and education activities of national anti-doping organizations (NADOs) and assess the extent to which a multifaceted doping prevention approach has been realized. Methods: Data on anti-doping information and education activities of 53 NADOs were collected via a survey and an online search of the NADOs’ websites. Prevention activities were classified into knowledge focused, affective focused, social skills, life skills, and ethic- and value- based. The implementation of the prevention activities was assessed by 4 independent raters using a modified visual analogue scale. Results: In total, 59% of the NADOs (n = 38) returned the survey and 70% (n = 45) had information available online. The data were combined for the visual analogue scale assessment. Overall, 58% of the NADOs (n = 37) reported offering activities including elements of all 5 approaches. Results of the raters’ assessments indicated that the knowledge-focused approach was best implemented; the implementation of the other 4 approaches was largely unsatisfactory. The most common barriers to implementing doping prevention programs reported by the NADOs were lack of resources (n = 26) and difficulties in collaborating with sports organizations (n = 8). Conclusion: Results show a discrepancy between NADOs’ self-report data and the implementation assessment. Even though the NADOs indicated otherwise, most of their education-based approaches did not address aspects of the visual analogue scale (e.g., resisting peer pressure) and only a few programs were ongoing. Possible explanations might be found in the reported barriers (e.g., financial). Concrete guidelines defining multifaceted, values-based education, and best practice examples should be developed to indicate how to include all 5 approaches in prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:06:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19c2c081d62346ecbbe88118c7a26574 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-2546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:06:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-19c2c081d62346ecbbe88118c7a265742022-12-22T01:20:00ZengElsevierJournal of Sport and Health Science2095-25462020-05-0193228239An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitationsKatharina Gatterer0Matthias Gumpenberger1Marie Overbye2Bernhard Streicher3Wolfgang Schobersberger4Cornelia Blank5Institute of Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Tyrol 6060, AustriaInstitute of Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Tyrol 6060, AustriaFaculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK94LA, UKInstitute of Psychology, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Tyrol 6060, AustriaInstitute of Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Tyrol 6060, Austria; Tirol Clinics (Tirol-Kliniken), Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, AustriaInstitute of Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Tyrol 6060, Austria; Corresponding author.Background: One main purpose of the World Anti-Doping Agency was to harmonize anti-doping efforts, including the provision of anti-doping education. A multifaceted approach to doping prevention can play a key role in preventing intentional and unintentional doping. This article aimed to systematically record and evaluate doping prevention approaches in the form of information and education activities of national anti-doping organizations (NADOs) and assess the extent to which a multifaceted doping prevention approach has been realized. Methods: Data on anti-doping information and education activities of 53 NADOs were collected via a survey and an online search of the NADOs’ websites. Prevention activities were classified into knowledge focused, affective focused, social skills, life skills, and ethic- and value- based. The implementation of the prevention activities was assessed by 4 independent raters using a modified visual analogue scale. Results: In total, 59% of the NADOs (n = 38) returned the survey and 70% (n = 45) had information available online. The data were combined for the visual analogue scale assessment. Overall, 58% of the NADOs (n = 37) reported offering activities including elements of all 5 approaches. Results of the raters’ assessments indicated that the knowledge-focused approach was best implemented; the implementation of the other 4 approaches was largely unsatisfactory. The most common barriers to implementing doping prevention programs reported by the NADOs were lack of resources (n = 26) and difficulties in collaborating with sports organizations (n = 8). Conclusion: Results show a discrepancy between NADOs’ self-report data and the implementation assessment. Even though the NADOs indicated otherwise, most of their education-based approaches did not address aspects of the visual analogue scale (e.g., resisting peer pressure) and only a few programs were ongoing. Possible explanations might be found in the reported barriers (e.g., financial). Concrete guidelines defining multifaceted, values-based education, and best practice examples should be developed to indicate how to include all 5 approaches in prevention.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254619301498Anti-doping programDoping preventionEducationHarmonizationNADO |
| spellingShingle | Katharina Gatterer Matthias Gumpenberger Marie Overbye Bernhard Streicher Wolfgang Schobersberger Cornelia Blank An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations Journal of Sport and Health Science Anti-doping program Doping prevention Education Harmonization NADO |
| title | An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations |
| title_full | An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations |
| title_fullStr | An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations |
| title_full_unstemmed | An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations |
| title_short | An evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti-doping organizations: Achievements and limitations |
| title_sort | evaluation of prevention initiatives by 53 national anti doping organizations achievements and limitations |
| topic | Anti-doping program Doping prevention Education Harmonization NADO |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254619301498 |
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