Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes
This article sheds light on two under-researched issue areas: the energy policy-shaping role of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and how constitutionalization of EU state aid law gives the European Commission (Commission) increased leverage over EU policy development. EU state aid g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cogitatio
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Politics and Governance |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/1851 |
| _version_ | 1818502149744623616 |
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| author | Elin Lerum Boasson |
| author_facet | Elin Lerum Boasson |
| author_sort | Elin Lerum Boasson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article sheds light on two under-researched issue areas: the energy policy-shaping role of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and how constitutionalization of EU state aid law gives the European Commission (Commission) increased leverage over EU policy development. EU state aid governance is embedded in the Treaty of the Functioning of the EU’s prohibition of state aid. The CJEU and the Commissions’ Directorate-General for Competition (DG Comp) have played important roles in the emergence of stronger EU steering of renewable energy support schemes after 2014. For many years, powerful member states, most notably Germany, stopped the adoption of EU rules requiring more market streamlining and European harmonization of renewables support. This primarily played out in regular EU decision-making (co-decision) related to adoption and revision of the Renewable Energy Directive. A radical shift occurred in 2014 when the Commission introduced new guidelines on state aid for environmental protection and energy, giving the Commission increased authority over development of renewables support schemes across Europe. These guidelines called for renewables investments to become more exposed to energy market pricing and introduced auctioning as the main allocation mechanism. Support schemes for renewable energy were included for the first time in the EU state aid guidelines for environmental protection in 2001. Back then, member states had ample leeway to design support schemes as they pleased. The 2014 version of the guidelines includes far more detailed requirements. While the first CJEU ruling on renewables state aid hindered the Commission to intervene, new CJEU rulings after 2008 enabled the Commission to draft more restrictive guidelines. This article concludes that constitutionalization, combined with the policy entrepreneurship of Commission officials, explains the shift in EU steering in 2014. This indicates that constitutionalization and Commission entrepreneurship should be assessed in conjunction. Constitutionalization may be particularly important in the state aid area due to the superior competence of the Commission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:05:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19c3e175a6b449d18b23113db3dc197f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2183-2463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:05:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Cogitatio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Politics and Governance |
| spelling | doaj.art-19c3e175a6b449d18b23113db3dc197f2022-12-22T01:33:38ZengCogitatioPolitics and Governance2183-24632019-03-0171708010.17645/pag.v7i1.1851989Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support SchemesElin Lerum Boasson0Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Norway / CICERO—Center for International Climate Research, NorwayThis article sheds light on two under-researched issue areas: the energy policy-shaping role of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and how constitutionalization of EU state aid law gives the European Commission (Commission) increased leverage over EU policy development. EU state aid governance is embedded in the Treaty of the Functioning of the EU’s prohibition of state aid. The CJEU and the Commissions’ Directorate-General for Competition (DG Comp) have played important roles in the emergence of stronger EU steering of renewable energy support schemes after 2014. For many years, powerful member states, most notably Germany, stopped the adoption of EU rules requiring more market streamlining and European harmonization of renewables support. This primarily played out in regular EU decision-making (co-decision) related to adoption and revision of the Renewable Energy Directive. A radical shift occurred in 2014 when the Commission introduced new guidelines on state aid for environmental protection and energy, giving the Commission increased authority over development of renewables support schemes across Europe. These guidelines called for renewables investments to become more exposed to energy market pricing and introduced auctioning as the main allocation mechanism. Support schemes for renewable energy were included for the first time in the EU state aid guidelines for environmental protection in 2001. Back then, member states had ample leeway to design support schemes as they pleased. The 2014 version of the guidelines includes far more detailed requirements. While the first CJEU ruling on renewables state aid hindered the Commission to intervene, new CJEU rulings after 2008 enabled the Commission to draft more restrictive guidelines. This article concludes that constitutionalization, combined with the policy entrepreneurship of Commission officials, explains the shift in EU steering in 2014. This indicates that constitutionalization and Commission entrepreneurship should be assessed in conjunction. Constitutionalization may be particularly important in the state aid area due to the superior competence of the Commission.https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/1851constitutionalizationcourt of justice of the european unioneuropean commissionjudicializationpolicy entrepreneurshiprenewable energy policystate aid |
| spellingShingle | Elin Lerum Boasson Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes Politics and Governance constitutionalization court of justice of the european union european commission judicialization policy entrepreneurship renewable energy policy state aid |
| title | Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes |
| title_full | Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes |
| title_fullStr | Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes |
| title_short | Constitutionalization and Entrepreneurship: Explaining Increased EU Steering of Renewables Support Schemes |
| title_sort | constitutionalization and entrepreneurship explaining increased eu steering of renewables support schemes |
| topic | constitutionalization court of justice of the european union european commission judicialization policy entrepreneurship renewable energy policy state aid |
| url | https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/1851 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elinlerumboasson constitutionalizationandentrepreneurshipexplainingincreasedeusteeringofrenewablessupportschemes |