Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structures
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved structures in pathogens, trigger innate immune responses and prime antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Elucidation of crystal structures of TLRs interacting with their ligands such as TLR1-2 with triacylated...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2011-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2011.00041/full |
| _version_ | 1818479883464998912 |
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| author | Balachandran eManavalan Shaherin eBasith Sangdun eChoi |
| author_facet | Balachandran eManavalan Shaherin eBasith Sangdun eChoi |
| author_sort | Balachandran eManavalan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved structures in pathogens, trigger innate immune responses and prime antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Elucidation of crystal structures of TLRs interacting with their ligands such as TLR1-2 with triacylated lipopeptide, TLR2-6 with diacylated lipopeptide, TLR4-MD-2 with LPS and TLR3 with dsRNA have enabled an understanding of the initiation of TLR signaling. Agonistic ligands such as LPS, dsRNA and lipopeptides induce ‘m’ shaped TLR dimers in which C-termini converge at the center. Such central convergence is necessary to bring the two intracellular receptor TIR domains closer together and promote their dimerization, which serves as an essential step in downstream signaling. In this review, we summarize TLR ECD structures that have been reported to date with special emphasis on ligand recognition and activation mechanism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T11:15:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19cae6aac8e644b9bcffff939d145bcc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T11:15:59Z |
| publishDate | 2011-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-19cae6aac8e644b9bcffff939d145bcc2022-12-22T01:51:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2011-07-01210.3389/fphys.2011.0004111357Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structuresBalachandran eManavalan0Shaherin eBasith1Sangdun eChoi2Ajou UniversityAjou UniversityAjou UniversityToll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved structures in pathogens, trigger innate immune responses and prime antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Elucidation of crystal structures of TLRs interacting with their ligands such as TLR1-2 with triacylated lipopeptide, TLR2-6 with diacylated lipopeptide, TLR4-MD-2 with LPS and TLR3 with dsRNA have enabled an understanding of the initiation of TLR signaling. Agonistic ligands such as LPS, dsRNA and lipopeptides induce ‘m’ shaped TLR dimers in which C-termini converge at the center. Such central convergence is necessary to bring the two intracellular receptor TIR domains closer together and promote their dimerization, which serves as an essential step in downstream signaling. In this review, we summarize TLR ECD structures that have been reported to date with special emphasis on ligand recognition and activation mechanism.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2011.00041/fullMyeloid Differentiation Factor 88innate immunityToll-like receptorLigand |
| spellingShingle | Balachandran eManavalan Shaherin eBasith Sangdun eChoi Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structures Frontiers in Physiology Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 innate immunity Toll-like receptor Ligand |
| title | Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structures |
| title_full | Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structures |
| title_fullStr | Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structures |
| title_short | Similar structures but different roles - An updated perspective on TLR structures |
| title_sort | similar structures but different roles an updated perspective on tlr structures |
| topic | Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 innate immunity Toll-like receptor Ligand |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2011.00041/full |
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