Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine
Meeting the growing energy demand for sustainability and environmental friendly fuels is a continuous process. Several oxygenated fuels were tried and tested according to the availability depending upon the geographical locations to find a solution against rapidly depleting fossil fuels (gasoline an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3209 |
| _version_ | 1797504957116579840 |
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| author | Adhirath Mandal HaengMuk Cho Bhupendra Singh Chauhan |
| author_facet | Adhirath Mandal HaengMuk Cho Bhupendra Singh Chauhan |
| author_sort | Adhirath Mandal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Meeting the growing energy demand for sustainability and environmental friendly fuels is a continuous process. Several oxygenated fuels were tried and tested according to the availability depending upon the geographical locations to find a solution against rapidly depleting fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel). In the present investigation, the viability of waste fry cooking oil converted into biodiesel fuel and its various physiocochemical properties was evaluated. In this regard, the performance and emission of a CI engine was compared using biodiesel fuel and mineral diesel fuel. Experimental research was performed on a single-cylinder agricultural CI engine with indirect injection, and biodiesel fuel was used with three different types of fry oils. The fry oil was classified as one-time fry, two-time fry, and three-time fry. Engine efficiency and tail pipe emission attributes were evaluated for the three different fuels. The different fuel blends used for the experiment were B60 and B80 and were tested at full load, at different engine speed (rpm). It was found that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing speed, whereas brake thermal efficiency reduced with increasing engine speed. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduces with increase in the engine speed because of a poor air–fuel ratio at high speed. CO<sub>2</sub> emission is higher because of the higher density and heating value of the biodiesel fuel, which depends on the blending ratio and the frying time of the fuel. It was also encountered that NO<sub>x</sub> emission was higher for maximum test fuels except one-time fry waste cooking oil biodiesel at 60% blend, which showed lower NO<sub>x</sub> than diesel fuel. Smoke opacity in both the blends have a decreasing trend with increasing speed and are lower than pure diesel. The 1FWCOB (fry waste cooking oil biodiesel), 2FWCOB, and 3FWCOB fuel exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is reduced because of higher cetane number and lower heating value. Based on the result obtained, it was concluded that by increasing the frying time of the soya bean waste cooking biodiesel, the emission characteristics and engine performance were affected. The need for sustainable fuel is important, thus the use of waste fry cooking oil is a potential replacement for diesel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:11:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19cd5ee2589f4d1299814fd71ce08d53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:11:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-19cd5ee2589f4d1299814fd71ce08d532023-11-23T08:08:02ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-04-01159320910.3390/en15093209Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI EngineAdhirath Mandal0HaengMuk Cho1Bhupendra Singh Chauhan2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura 281406, IndiaMeeting the growing energy demand for sustainability and environmental friendly fuels is a continuous process. Several oxygenated fuels were tried and tested according to the availability depending upon the geographical locations to find a solution against rapidly depleting fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel). In the present investigation, the viability of waste fry cooking oil converted into biodiesel fuel and its various physiocochemical properties was evaluated. In this regard, the performance and emission of a CI engine was compared using biodiesel fuel and mineral diesel fuel. Experimental research was performed on a single-cylinder agricultural CI engine with indirect injection, and biodiesel fuel was used with three different types of fry oils. The fry oil was classified as one-time fry, two-time fry, and three-time fry. Engine efficiency and tail pipe emission attributes were evaluated for the three different fuels. The different fuel blends used for the experiment were B60 and B80 and were tested at full load, at different engine speed (rpm). It was found that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased with increasing speed, whereas brake thermal efficiency reduced with increasing engine speed. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduces with increase in the engine speed because of a poor air–fuel ratio at high speed. CO<sub>2</sub> emission is higher because of the higher density and heating value of the biodiesel fuel, which depends on the blending ratio and the frying time of the fuel. It was also encountered that NO<sub>x</sub> emission was higher for maximum test fuels except one-time fry waste cooking oil biodiesel at 60% blend, which showed lower NO<sub>x</sub> than diesel fuel. Smoke opacity in both the blends have a decreasing trend with increasing speed and are lower than pure diesel. The 1FWCOB (fry waste cooking oil biodiesel), 2FWCOB, and 3FWCOB fuel exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is reduced because of higher cetane number and lower heating value. Based on the result obtained, it was concluded that by increasing the frying time of the soya bean waste cooking biodiesel, the emission characteristics and engine performance were affected. The need for sustainable fuel is important, thus the use of waste fry cooking oil is a potential replacement for diesel.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3209waste fry oilsoya beanbiodieselNO<sub>x</sub>CI engineemission |
| spellingShingle | Adhirath Mandal HaengMuk Cho Bhupendra Singh Chauhan Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine Energies waste fry oil soya bean biodiesel NO<sub>x</sub> CI engine emission |
| title | Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine |
| title_full | Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine |
| title_short | Experimental Investigation of Multiple Fry Waste Soya Bean Oil in an Agricultural CI Engine |
| title_sort | experimental investigation of multiple fry waste soya bean oil in an agricultural ci engine |
| topic | waste fry oil soya bean biodiesel NO<sub>x</sub> CI engine emission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3209 |
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