High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background African Americans have a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with Caucasians. Recent evidence indicates that low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more prevalent in African Americans th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Trials |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3611-1 |
| _version_ | 1818139553795407872 |
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| author | Joshua E. McGee Savanna G. Barefoot Nicole R. Gniewek Patricia M. Brophy Angela Clark Gabriel S. Dubis Terence E. Ryan Joseph A. Houmard Paul Vos Thomas D. Raedeke Damon L. Swift |
| author_facet | Joshua E. McGee Savanna G. Barefoot Nicole R. Gniewek Patricia M. Brophy Angela Clark Gabriel S. Dubis Terence E. Ryan Joseph A. Houmard Paul Vos Thomas D. Raedeke Damon L. Swift |
| author_sort | Joshua E. McGee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background African Americans have a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with Caucasians. Recent evidence indicates that low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more prevalent in African Americans than Caucasians. Numerous studies in Caucasian populations suggest that vigorous exercise intensity may promote greater improvements in CRF and other type 2 diabetes risk factors (e.g., reduction of glucose/insulin levels, pulse wave velocity, and body fat) than moderate intensity. However, current evidence comparing health benefits of different aerobic exercise intensities on type 2 diabetes risk factors in African Americans is negligible. This is clinically important as African Americans have a greater risk for type 2 diabetes and are less likely to meet public health recommendations for physical activity than Caucasians. The purpose of the HI-PACE (High-Intensity exercise to Promote Accelerated improvements in CardiorEspiratory fitness) study is to evaluate whether high-intensity aerobic exercise elicits greater improvements in CRF, insulin action, and arterial stiffness than moderate-intensity exercise in African Americans. Methods/Design A randomized controlled trial will be performed on overweight and obese (body mass index of 25–45 kg/m2) African Americans (35–65 years) (n = 60). Participants will be randomly assigned to moderate-intensity (MOD-INT) or high-intensity (HIGH-INT) aerobic exercise training or a non-exercise control group (CON) for 24 weeks. Supervised exercise will be performed at a heart rate associated with 45–55% and 70–80% of VO2 max in the MOD-INT and HIGH-INT groups, respectively, for an exercise dose of 600 metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-minutes per week (consistent with public health recommendations). The primary outcome is change in CRF. Secondary outcomes include change in insulin sensitivity (measured via an intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (via near-infrared spectroscopy), skeletal muscle measurements (i.e., citrate synthase, COX IV, GLUT-4, CPT-1, and PGC1-α), arterial stiffness (via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), body fat, C-reactive protein, and psychological outcomes (quality of life/exercise enjoyment). Discussion The anticipated results of the HI-PACE study will provide vital information on the health effects of high-intensity exercise in African Americans. This study will advance health disparity research and has the potential to influence future public health guidelines for physical activity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02892331. Registered on September 8, 2016. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:29:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19cf2719008b42a6b3a0285ccd455b69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1745-6215 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:29:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Trials |
| spelling | doaj.art-19cf2719008b42a6b3a0285ccd455b692022-12-22T01:10:59ZengBMCTrials1745-62152019-08-0120111410.1186/s13063-019-3611-1High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trialJoshua E. McGee0Savanna G. Barefoot1Nicole R. Gniewek2Patricia M. Brophy3Angela Clark4Gabriel S. Dubis5Terence E. Ryan6Joseph A. Houmard7Paul Vos8Thomas D. Raedeke9Damon L. Swift10Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Kinesiology, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Kinesiology, East Carolina UniversityThe East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityThe East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Kinesiology, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Physiology, Brody School of MedicineDepartment of Kinesiology, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Biostatistics, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Kinesiology, East Carolina UniversityDepartment of Kinesiology, East Carolina UniversityAbstract Background African Americans have a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with Caucasians. Recent evidence indicates that low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level, an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, is also more prevalent in African Americans than Caucasians. Numerous studies in Caucasian populations suggest that vigorous exercise intensity may promote greater improvements in CRF and other type 2 diabetes risk factors (e.g., reduction of glucose/insulin levels, pulse wave velocity, and body fat) than moderate intensity. However, current evidence comparing health benefits of different aerobic exercise intensities on type 2 diabetes risk factors in African Americans is negligible. This is clinically important as African Americans have a greater risk for type 2 diabetes and are less likely to meet public health recommendations for physical activity than Caucasians. The purpose of the HI-PACE (High-Intensity exercise to Promote Accelerated improvements in CardiorEspiratory fitness) study is to evaluate whether high-intensity aerobic exercise elicits greater improvements in CRF, insulin action, and arterial stiffness than moderate-intensity exercise in African Americans. Methods/Design A randomized controlled trial will be performed on overweight and obese (body mass index of 25–45 kg/m2) African Americans (35–65 years) (n = 60). Participants will be randomly assigned to moderate-intensity (MOD-INT) or high-intensity (HIGH-INT) aerobic exercise training or a non-exercise control group (CON) for 24 weeks. Supervised exercise will be performed at a heart rate associated with 45–55% and 70–80% of VO2 max in the MOD-INT and HIGH-INT groups, respectively, for an exercise dose of 600 metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-minutes per week (consistent with public health recommendations). The primary outcome is change in CRF. Secondary outcomes include change in insulin sensitivity (measured via an intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (via near-infrared spectroscopy), skeletal muscle measurements (i.e., citrate synthase, COX IV, GLUT-4, CPT-1, and PGC1-α), arterial stiffness (via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), body fat, C-reactive protein, and psychological outcomes (quality of life/exercise enjoyment). Discussion The anticipated results of the HI-PACE study will provide vital information on the health effects of high-intensity exercise in African Americans. This study will advance health disparity research and has the potential to influence future public health guidelines for physical activity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02892331. Registered on September 8, 2016.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3611-1MethodologyExercise intensityAfrican AmericanCardiorespiratory fitnessInsulin sensitivityArterial stiffness |
| spellingShingle | Joshua E. McGee Savanna G. Barefoot Nicole R. Gniewek Patricia M. Brophy Angela Clark Gabriel S. Dubis Terence E. Ryan Joseph A. Houmard Paul Vos Thomas D. Raedeke Damon L. Swift High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Trials Methodology Exercise intensity African American Cardiorespiratory fitness Insulin sensitivity Arterial stiffness |
| title | High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | High-intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (HI-PACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | high intensity exercise to promote accelerated improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness hi pace study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Methodology Exercise intensity African American Cardiorespiratory fitness Insulin sensitivity Arterial stiffness |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3611-1 |
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