Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand
Background and Aim: Scrub typhus and murine typhus are globally distributed zoonoses caused by the intracellular Gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi, respectively. Numerous studies have been undertaken on rickettsial illnesses in humans and animals, including arthropod...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Veterinary World
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/August-2023/4.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797743968402800640 |
|---|---|
| author | Decha Pangjai Phirabhat Saengsawang Kamchai Kidsin Ngamchit Choongkittaworn Yukio Morita Sumalee Boonmar |
| author_facet | Decha Pangjai Phirabhat Saengsawang Kamchai Kidsin Ngamchit Choongkittaworn Yukio Morita Sumalee Boonmar |
| author_sort | Decha Pangjai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Scrub typhus and murine typhus are globally distributed zoonoses caused by the intracellular Gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi, respectively. Numerous studies have been undertaken on rickettsial illnesses in humans and animals, including arthropod vectors, in Thailand. However, the reports on the seroprevalence of antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi in buffaloes is extremely rare. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of both rickettsial infections in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Phatthalung Province, southern Thailand.
Materials and Methods: From February to March 2023, a total of 156 serum samples were collected from 156 water buffaloes on 29 farms in Phatthalung province. The sera were screened for antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi using an indirect immunofluorescence assay.
Results: The seroprevalence of antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi in individual water buffaloes was 4.49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.19%-8.97%) and 3.85% (95% CI: 1.77%-8.14%), respectively, whereas 31% (9/29) of the herds had buffaloes with antibodies. The number of buffaloes with scrub typhus infection and ectoparasite infestation was statistically significant (p < 0.05; odds ratio = 6.25 [95% CI: 1.19-33.33]). Intriguingly, the prevalence of scrub typhus antibodies in buffaloes that were not infested with ectoparasites was much higher than those that were.
Conclusion: This is the first report of O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi antibodies in water buffalo sera in Southern Thailand. Two serum samples showed a high antibody titer against O. tsutsugamushi. Seroprevalence mainly occurred in non-ectoparasite-infested buffaloes, especially for O. tsutsugamushi antibodies. At the herd level, one-third of the studied farms showed seroprevalence. Additional research on the occurrence of these pathogens in vectors and in other animal reservoirs is necessary. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:03:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19cf423cc47248eea991565d24adcbb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:03:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-19cf423cc47248eea991565d24adcbb42023-08-13T07:29:17ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162023-08-011681600160410.14202/vetworld.2023.1600-1604 Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern ThailandDecha Pangjai0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3689-5224Phirabhat Saengsawang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-0998Kamchai Kidsin2Ngamchit Choongkittaworn3Yukio Morita4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7789-8013Sumalee Boonmar5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5616-2717Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand. Animal Health Section, The Eight Regional Livestock Development, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand.Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand. Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan. Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.Background and Aim: Scrub typhus and murine typhus are globally distributed zoonoses caused by the intracellular Gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi, respectively. Numerous studies have been undertaken on rickettsial illnesses in humans and animals, including arthropod vectors, in Thailand. However, the reports on the seroprevalence of antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi in buffaloes is extremely rare. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of both rickettsial infections in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Phatthalung Province, southern Thailand. Materials and Methods: From February to March 2023, a total of 156 serum samples were collected from 156 water buffaloes on 29 farms in Phatthalung province. The sera were screened for antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results: The seroprevalence of antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi in individual water buffaloes was 4.49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.19%-8.97%) and 3.85% (95% CI: 1.77%-8.14%), respectively, whereas 31% (9/29) of the herds had buffaloes with antibodies. The number of buffaloes with scrub typhus infection and ectoparasite infestation was statistically significant (p < 0.05; odds ratio = 6.25 [95% CI: 1.19-33.33]). Intriguingly, the prevalence of scrub typhus antibodies in buffaloes that were not infested with ectoparasites was much higher than those that were. Conclusion: This is the first report of O. tsutsugamushi and R. typhi antibodies in water buffalo sera in Southern Thailand. Two serum samples showed a high antibody titer against O. tsutsugamushi. Seroprevalence mainly occurred in non-ectoparasite-infested buffaloes, especially for O. tsutsugamushi antibodies. At the herd level, one-third of the studied farms showed seroprevalence. Additional research on the occurrence of these pathogens in vectors and in other animal reservoirs is necessary.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/August-2023/4.pdfindirect immunofluorescence assayorientia tsutsugamushirickettsia typhiseroprevalencethailandwater buffaloes. |
| spellingShingle | Decha Pangjai Phirabhat Saengsawang Kamchai Kidsin Ngamchit Choongkittaworn Yukio Morita Sumalee Boonmar Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand Veterinary World indirect immunofluorescence assay orientia tsutsugamushi rickettsia typhi seroprevalence thailand water buffaloes. |
| title | Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand |
| title_full | Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand |
| title_short | Seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Thailand |
| title_sort | seroprevalence of orientia tsutsugamushi and rickettsia typhi in water buffaloes bubalus bubalis from southern thailand |
| topic | indirect immunofluorescence assay orientia tsutsugamushi rickettsia typhi seroprevalence thailand water buffaloes. |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/August-2023/4.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dechapangjai seroprevalenceoforientiatsutsugamushiandrickettsiatyphiinwaterbuffaloesbubalusbubalisfromsouthernthailand AT phirabhatsaengsawang seroprevalenceoforientiatsutsugamushiandrickettsiatyphiinwaterbuffaloesbubalusbubalisfromsouthernthailand AT kamchaikidsin seroprevalenceoforientiatsutsugamushiandrickettsiatyphiinwaterbuffaloesbubalusbubalisfromsouthernthailand AT ngamchitchoongkittaworn seroprevalenceoforientiatsutsugamushiandrickettsiatyphiinwaterbuffaloesbubalusbubalisfromsouthernthailand AT yukiomorita seroprevalenceoforientiatsutsugamushiandrickettsiatyphiinwaterbuffaloesbubalusbubalisfromsouthernthailand AT sumaleeboonmar seroprevalenceoforientiatsutsugamushiandrickettsiatyphiinwaterbuffaloesbubalusbubalisfromsouthernthailand |