Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Soybean, maize, and bean are crops of great economic importance, but in recent years have suffered with infestations of the caterpillar <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, with the main reason being the resistance of this pest to most pesticides. Avermectin emamectin benzoate was recently relea...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/11/214 |
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| author | Fernanda Uczay Nelson M. G. Bandeira Luana Floriano Osmar D. Prestes Martha B. Adaime Renato Zanella |
| author_facet | Fernanda Uczay Nelson M. G. Bandeira Luana Floriano Osmar D. Prestes Martha B. Adaime Renato Zanella |
| author_sort | Fernanda Uczay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean, maize, and bean are crops of great economic importance, but in recent years have suffered with infestations of the caterpillar <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, with the main reason being the resistance of this pest to most pesticides. Avermectin emamectin benzoate was recently released to control this pest. Other avermectins, like abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, and ivermectin are used in large scale because they potent acaricidal, anthelmintic, and insecticidal activities. Thus, a simple and fast method for the determination of avermectins in these crops based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis was developed and validated. For extraction, water followed by acetonitrile:isopropanol and a partition step with salts was stablished. With the clean-up step using activated EMR-Lipid, limits of detection of 1.2 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> for abamectin, doramectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin, and of 2.4 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> for eprinomectin were achieved. The validation showed satisfactory results and the method was successfully applied to commercial samples, indicating that it is suitable for routine analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:03:48Z |
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| id | doaj.art-19d147f2c6534591bbed2b4ae5f3e270 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:03:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-19d147f2c6534591bbed2b4ae5f3e2702023-11-23T01:30:00ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392021-11-0181121410.3390/separations8110214Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass SpectrometryFernanda Uczay0Nelson M. G. Bandeira1Luana Floriano2Osmar D. Prestes3Martha B. Adaime4Renato Zanella5Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilLaboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilLaboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilLaboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilLaboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilLaboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilSoybean, maize, and bean are crops of great economic importance, but in recent years have suffered with infestations of the caterpillar <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, with the main reason being the resistance of this pest to most pesticides. Avermectin emamectin benzoate was recently released to control this pest. Other avermectins, like abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, and ivermectin are used in large scale because they potent acaricidal, anthelmintic, and insecticidal activities. Thus, a simple and fast method for the determination of avermectins in these crops based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis was developed and validated. For extraction, water followed by acetonitrile:isopropanol and a partition step with salts was stablished. With the clean-up step using activated EMR-Lipid, limits of detection of 1.2 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> for abamectin, doramectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin, and of 2.4 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> for eprinomectin were achieved. The validation showed satisfactory results and the method was successfully applied to commercial samples, indicating that it is suitable for routine analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/11/214macrocyclic lactonesagricultural cropsfoodsample preparationUHPLC-MS/MS |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda Uczay Nelson M. G. Bandeira Luana Floriano Osmar D. Prestes Martha B. Adaime Renato Zanella Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Separations macrocyclic lactones agricultural crops food sample preparation UHPLC-MS/MS |
| title | Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | determination of avermectins residues in soybean bean and maize using a quechers based method and ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry |
| topic | macrocyclic lactones agricultural crops food sample preparation UHPLC-MS/MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/11/214 |
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