The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on Hydrodynamics
Over the past 40 years, increasing coastal reclamation and natural sedimentation has changed coastline positions and resulted in variation in the hydrodynamic environment in the Bohai Sea (BHS), China. Based on the Landsat series images, an interpretative identifier for identifying the coastline was...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5549 |
| _version_ | 1827645551243427840 |
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| author | Jingfang Lu Yibo Zhang Xianqing Lv Honghua Shi |
| author_facet | Jingfang Lu Yibo Zhang Xianqing Lv Honghua Shi |
| author_sort | Jingfang Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the past 40 years, increasing coastal reclamation and natural sedimentation has changed coastline positions and resulted in variation in the hydrodynamic environment in the Bohai Sea (BHS), China. Based on the Landsat series images, an interpretative identifier for identifying the coastline was proposed to assess the hydrodynamic changes caused by the coastline change and was applied to a typical case of the Bohai Sea (BHS), China. We combined a grid-based coastline position with an adjoint data assimilation method to seamlessly map the distribution of the amplitude, phase lag, and tidal current of the M<sub>2</sub> tidal constituent along the BHS’s coast from 1985 to 2018. Our findings reveal that the coastline change at long time scales dominated reclamation, and around 72.9% of the coastline of the BHS mapped in 2018 had seaward movement compared with its position in 1985. From 1985 to 2018, the BHS volume decreased by 0.17%, the sea surface area decreased by 4.54%, and the kinetic energy increased by 2.53%. The change in the coastline increased the amplitude of the M<sub>2</sub> tidal constituent in the Bohai Bay by 6–14 cm and increased the residual current in the eastern coast of the Liaodong Bay by up to 0.07 (0.01) m/s. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:40:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19d3091fd2dd472f9201a0dc83f386c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:40:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-19d3091fd2dd472f9201a0dc83f386c52023-11-24T06:40:50ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-11-011421554910.3390/rs14215549The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on HydrodynamicsJingfang Lu0Yibo Zhang1Xianqing Lv2Honghua Shi3Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaOver the past 40 years, increasing coastal reclamation and natural sedimentation has changed coastline positions and resulted in variation in the hydrodynamic environment in the Bohai Sea (BHS), China. Based on the Landsat series images, an interpretative identifier for identifying the coastline was proposed to assess the hydrodynamic changes caused by the coastline change and was applied to a typical case of the Bohai Sea (BHS), China. We combined a grid-based coastline position with an adjoint data assimilation method to seamlessly map the distribution of the amplitude, phase lag, and tidal current of the M<sub>2</sub> tidal constituent along the BHS’s coast from 1985 to 2018. Our findings reveal that the coastline change at long time scales dominated reclamation, and around 72.9% of the coastline of the BHS mapped in 2018 had seaward movement compared with its position in 1985. From 1985 to 2018, the BHS volume decreased by 0.17%, the sea surface area decreased by 4.54%, and the kinetic energy increased by 2.53%. The change in the coastline increased the amplitude of the M<sub>2</sub> tidal constituent in the Bohai Bay by 6–14 cm and increased the residual current in the eastern coast of the Liaodong Bay by up to 0.07 (0.01) m/s.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5549reclamationcoastline changetidal modeling with data assimilation |
| spellingShingle | Jingfang Lu Yibo Zhang Xianqing Lv Honghua Shi The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on Hydrodynamics Remote Sensing reclamation coastline change tidal modeling with data assimilation |
| title | The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on Hydrodynamics |
| title_full | The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on Hydrodynamics |
| title_fullStr | The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on Hydrodynamics |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on Hydrodynamics |
| title_short | The Temporal Evolution of Coastlines in the Bohai Sea and Its Impact on Hydrodynamics |
| title_sort | temporal evolution of coastlines in the bohai sea and its impact on hydrodynamics |
| topic | reclamation coastline change tidal modeling with data assimilation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5549 |
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