Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum
The Cf-5 gene of tomato confers resistance to strains of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum carrying the avirulence gene Avr5. Although Cf-5 has been cloned, Avr5 has remained elusive. We report the cloning of Avr5 using a combined bioinformatic and transcriptome sequencing approach. RNA-Seq wa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2014-08-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-02-14-0050-R |
| _version_ | 1818757319120388096 |
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| author | Carl H. Mesarich Scott A. Griffiths Ate van der Burgt Bilal Ökmen Henriek G. Beenen Desalegn W. Etalo Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten Pierre J. G. M. de Wit |
| author_facet | Carl H. Mesarich Scott A. Griffiths Ate van der Burgt Bilal Ökmen Henriek G. Beenen Desalegn W. Etalo Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten Pierre J. G. M. de Wit |
| author_sort | Carl H. Mesarich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Cf-5 gene of tomato confers resistance to strains of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum carrying the avirulence gene Avr5. Although Cf-5 has been cloned, Avr5 has remained elusive. We report the cloning of Avr5 using a combined bioinformatic and transcriptome sequencing approach. RNA-Seq was performed on the sequenced race 0 strain (0WU; carrying Avr5), as well as a race 5 strain (IPO 1979; lacking a functional Avr5 gene) during infection of susceptible tomato. Forty-four in planta–induced C. fulvum candidate effector (CfCE) genes of 0WU were identified that putatively encode a secreted, small cysteine-rich protein. An expressed transcript sequence comparison between strains revealed two polymorphic CfCE genes in IPO 1979. One of these conferred avirulence to IPO 1979 on Cf-5 tomato following complementation with the corresponding 0WU allele, confirming identification of Avr5. Complementation also led to increased fungal biomass during infection of susceptible tomato, signifying a role for Avr5 in virulence. Seven of eight race 5 strains investigated escape Cf-5-mediated resistance through deletion of the Avr5 gene. Avr5 is heavily flanked by repetitive elements, suggesting that repeat instability, in combination with Cf-5-mediated selection pressure, has led to the emergence of race 5 strains deleted for the Avr5 gene. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T06:09:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19debc1491c44305975b89873aa2117b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T06:09:02Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-19debc1491c44305975b89873aa2117b2022-12-21T21:18:28ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062014-08-0127884685710.1094/MPMI-02-14-0050-RTranscriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvumCarl H. MesarichScott A. GriffithsAte van der BurgtBilal ÖkmenHenriek G. BeenenDesalegn W. EtaloMatthieu H. A. J. JoostenPierre J. G. M. de WitThe Cf-5 gene of tomato confers resistance to strains of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum carrying the avirulence gene Avr5. Although Cf-5 has been cloned, Avr5 has remained elusive. We report the cloning of Avr5 using a combined bioinformatic and transcriptome sequencing approach. RNA-Seq was performed on the sequenced race 0 strain (0WU; carrying Avr5), as well as a race 5 strain (IPO 1979; lacking a functional Avr5 gene) during infection of susceptible tomato. Forty-four in planta–induced C. fulvum candidate effector (CfCE) genes of 0WU were identified that putatively encode a secreted, small cysteine-rich protein. An expressed transcript sequence comparison between strains revealed two polymorphic CfCE genes in IPO 1979. One of these conferred avirulence to IPO 1979 on Cf-5 tomato following complementation with the corresponding 0WU allele, confirming identification of Avr5. Complementation also led to increased fungal biomass during infection of susceptible tomato, signifying a role for Avr5 in virulence. Seven of eight race 5 strains investigated escape Cf-5-mediated resistance through deletion of the Avr5 gene. Avr5 is heavily flanked by repetitive elements, suggesting that repeat instability, in combination with Cf-5-mediated selection pressure, has led to the emergence of race 5 strains deleted for the Avr5 gene.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-02-14-0050-R |
| spellingShingle | Carl H. Mesarich Scott A. Griffiths Ate van der Burgt Bilal Ökmen Henriek G. Beenen Desalegn W. Etalo Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten Pierre J. G. M. de Wit Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum |
| title_full | Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum |
| title_short | Transcriptome Sequencing Uncovers the Avr5 Avirulence Gene of the Tomato Leaf Mold Pathogen Cladosporium fulvum |
| title_sort | transcriptome sequencing uncovers the avr5 avirulence gene of the tomato leaf mold pathogen cladosporium fulvum |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-02-14-0050-R |
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