Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>)
<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, also known as the pine wood nematode (PWD), which causes pine wilt disease (PWD), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting pine forests globally. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial in many biological processes and serve as privileg...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/7/1282 |
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| author | Yefan Cao Xizhuo Wang Laifa Wang Xiang Wang Yanzhi Yuan Xiangchen Cheng Chunhe Lv |
| author_facet | Yefan Cao Xizhuo Wang Laifa Wang Xiang Wang Yanzhi Yuan Xiangchen Cheng Chunhe Lv |
| author_sort | Yefan Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, also known as the pine wood nematode (PWD), which causes pine wilt disease (PWD), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting pine forests globally. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial in many biological processes and serve as privileged points of communication between cells and the surrounding environment. α-pinene has been found to play a crucial role in combating the infection, colonization, and early stages of pathogenesis caused by <i>B. xylophilus</i>. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics and biological functions of the GPCR gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in <i>B. xylophilus</i>. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine the spatial expression patterns of <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in <i>B. xylophilus</i>. The results indicated that <i>Bx-srh-1</i> is expressed in the intestine and subcutaneous tissues of J2 and J3 juveniles and in the spicules of adult males and vulvae of adult females. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to analyze <i>Bx-srh-1</i> gene function, and we examined the expression patterns of <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in <i>B. xylophilus</i> under α-pinene stress. The RNA interference indicated that <i>Bx-srh-1</i> was involved in the reproductive ability and pathogenicity of <i>B. xylophilus</i>; the expression levels of <i>Bx-srh-1</i> significantly increased after the exposure to α-pinene for 12 h, and they peaked at 48 h. Silencing <i>Bx-srh-1</i> may therefore lead to a reduction in <i>B. xylophilus</i> reproduction and pathogenicity. These results demonstrate that <i>Bx-srh-1</i> is related to the feeding behavior, reproduction, pathogenicity, and resistance to α-pinene process of <i>B. xylophilus</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:04:19Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:04:19Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-19e6ee2f1116434fa20175fc33579af02023-11-18T19:21:58ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-06-01147128210.3390/f14071282Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>)Yefan Cao0Xizhuo Wang1Laifa Wang2Xiang Wang3Yanzhi Yuan4Xiangchen Cheng5Chunhe Lv6Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian, Beijing 100091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian, Beijing 100091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian, Beijing 100091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian, Beijing 100091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 2 Dongxiaofu, Haidian, Beijing 100091, ChinaCenter for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 58 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, ChinaCenter for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 58 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, also known as the pine wood nematode (PWD), which causes pine wilt disease (PWD), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting pine forests globally. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial in many biological processes and serve as privileged points of communication between cells and the surrounding environment. α-pinene has been found to play a crucial role in combating the infection, colonization, and early stages of pathogenesis caused by <i>B. xylophilus</i>. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics and biological functions of the GPCR gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in <i>B. xylophilus</i>. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine the spatial expression patterns of <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in <i>B. xylophilus</i>. The results indicated that <i>Bx-srh-1</i> is expressed in the intestine and subcutaneous tissues of J2 and J3 juveniles and in the spicules of adult males and vulvae of adult females. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to analyze <i>Bx-srh-1</i> gene function, and we examined the expression patterns of <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in <i>B. xylophilus</i> under α-pinene stress. The RNA interference indicated that <i>Bx-srh-1</i> was involved in the reproductive ability and pathogenicity of <i>B. xylophilus</i>; the expression levels of <i>Bx-srh-1</i> significantly increased after the exposure to α-pinene for 12 h, and they peaked at 48 h. Silencing <i>Bx-srh-1</i> may therefore lead to a reduction in <i>B. xylophilus</i> reproduction and pathogenicity. These results demonstrate that <i>Bx-srh-1</i> is related to the feeding behavior, reproduction, pathogenicity, and resistance to α-pinene process of <i>B. xylophilus</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/7/1282<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>pine wilt diseaseG protein-coupled receptorsreproductionRNAi |
| spellingShingle | Yefan Cao Xizhuo Wang Laifa Wang Xiang Wang Yanzhi Yuan Xiangchen Cheng Chunhe Lv Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) Forests <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> pine wilt disease G protein-coupled receptors reproduction RNAi |
| title | Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) |
| title_full | Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) |
| title_short | Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of GPCR Gene <i>Bx-srh-1</i> in Pinewood Nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) |
| title_sort | molecular characterization and functional analysis of gpcr gene i bx srh 1 i in pinewood nematode i bursaphelenchus xylophilus i |
| topic | <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> pine wilt disease G protein-coupled receptors reproduction RNAi |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/7/1282 |
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