Cognitive effort and pupil dilation in controlled and automatic processes
The Five Digits Test (FDT) is a Stroop paradigm test that aims to evaluate executive functions. It is composed of four parts, two of which are related to automatic and two of which are related to controlled processes. It is known that pupillary diameter increases as the task’s cognitive demand incre...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Translational Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2015-0017 |
| _version_ | 1818583714606612480 |
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| author | Querino Emanuel dos Santos Lafaiete Ginani Giuliano Nicolau Eduardo Miranda Débora Romano-Silva Marco Malloy-Diniz Leandro |
| author_facet | Querino Emanuel dos Santos Lafaiete Ginani Giuliano Nicolau Eduardo Miranda Débora Romano-Silva Marco Malloy-Diniz Leandro |
| author_sort | Querino Emanuel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Five Digits Test (FDT) is a Stroop paradigm test that aims to evaluate executive functions. It is composed of
four parts, two of which are related to automatic and two of which are related to controlled processes. It is known
that pupillary diameter increases as the task’s cognitive demand increases. In the present study, we evaluated
whether the pupillary diameter could distinguish cognitive effort between automated and controlled cognitive
processing during the FDT as the task progressed. As a control task, we used a simple reading paradigm with a
similar visual aspect as the FDT. We then divided each of the four parts into two blocks in order to evaluate the
differences between the first and second half of the task. Results indicated that, compared to a control task, the
FDT required higher cognitive effort for each consecutive part. Moreover, the first half of every part of the FDT
induced dilation more than the second. The differences in pupil dilation during the first half of the four FDT
parts were statistically significant between the parts 2 and 4 (p=0.023), and between the parts 3 and 4 (p=0.006).
These results provide further evidence that cognitive effort and pupil diameter can distinguish controlled from
automatic processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:09:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19ebe16ac8de441fad9fa20817c10f94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2081-6936 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:09:40Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-19ebe16ac8de441fad9fa20817c10f942022-12-21T22:38:22ZengDe GruyterTranslational Neuroscience2081-69362015-01-016116817310.1515/tnsci-2015-0017tnsci-2015-0017Cognitive effort and pupil dilation in controlled and automatic processesQuerino Emanuel0dos Santos Lafaiete1Ginani Giuliano2Nicolau Eduardo3Miranda Débora4Romano-Silva Marco5Malloy-Diniz Leandro6Laboratório de Investigações em Neurociência e Clínica da UFMG, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Psicologia, Faculdade União das Américas – Uniamérica, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Investigações em Neurociência e Clínica da UFMG, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Investigações em Neurociência e Clínica da UFMG, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Investigações em Neurociência e Clínica da UFMG, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Investigações em Neurociência e Clínica da UFMG, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Investigações em Neurociência e Clínica da UFMG, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilThe Five Digits Test (FDT) is a Stroop paradigm test that aims to evaluate executive functions. It is composed of four parts, two of which are related to automatic and two of which are related to controlled processes. It is known that pupillary diameter increases as the task’s cognitive demand increases. In the present study, we evaluated whether the pupillary diameter could distinguish cognitive effort between automated and controlled cognitive processing during the FDT as the task progressed. As a control task, we used a simple reading paradigm with a similar visual aspect as the FDT. We then divided each of the four parts into two blocks in order to evaluate the differences between the first and second half of the task. Results indicated that, compared to a control task, the FDT required higher cognitive effort for each consecutive part. Moreover, the first half of every part of the FDT induced dilation more than the second. The differences in pupil dilation during the first half of the four FDT parts were statistically significant between the parts 2 and 4 (p=0.023), and between the parts 3 and 4 (p=0.006). These results provide further evidence that cognitive effort and pupil diameter can distinguish controlled from automatic processes.https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2015-0017pupillary diameter executive functions psychological evaluation cognitive effort neuropsychology five digits test |
| spellingShingle | Querino Emanuel dos Santos Lafaiete Ginani Giuliano Nicolau Eduardo Miranda Débora Romano-Silva Marco Malloy-Diniz Leandro Cognitive effort and pupil dilation in controlled and automatic processes Translational Neuroscience pupillary diameter executive functions psychological evaluation cognitive effort neuropsychology five digits test |
| title | Cognitive effort and pupil
dilation in controlled
and automatic processes |
| title_full | Cognitive effort and pupil
dilation in controlled
and automatic processes |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive effort and pupil
dilation in controlled
and automatic processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive effort and pupil
dilation in controlled
and automatic processes |
| title_short | Cognitive effort and pupil
dilation in controlled
and automatic processes |
| title_sort | cognitive effort and pupil dilation in controlled and automatic processes |
| topic | pupillary diameter executive functions psychological evaluation cognitive effort neuropsychology five digits test |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2015-0017 |
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