Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques
Vulnerability analysis in areas vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution has become a key element of sensible resource management and land use planning. This study is intended to estimate aquifer vulnerability using the DRASTIC model and using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) and electrical condu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2144 |
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| author | Syed Hassan Iqbal Ahmad Shah Jianguo Yan Israr Ullah Bilal Aslam Aqil Tariq Lili Zhang Faisal Mumtaz |
| author_facet | Syed Hassan Iqbal Ahmad Shah Jianguo Yan Israr Ullah Bilal Aslam Aqil Tariq Lili Zhang Faisal Mumtaz |
| author_sort | Syed Hassan Iqbal Ahmad Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vulnerability analysis in areas vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution has become a key element of sensible resource management and land use planning. This study is intended to estimate aquifer vulnerability using the DRASTIC model and using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) and electrical conductivity (EC) outcomes. The model allows for the identification of hydrogeological environments within the scope of the research, based on a composite definition of each environment’s main geological, geoelectrical, and hydrogeological factors. The results from the DRASTIC model were divided into four equal intervals, high, medium, low, and very low drastic index values. The SW area and NE area depict drastic index values from medium to very high, making it the most vulnerable zone in the study area, while the NW and SW areas show low to very low drastic index values. In addition, the results from the VES and EC the freshwater aquifer in the NE area and brackish water in the SE area, while the rest of the area falls into the category of brackish water. Overall, it can be concluded that areas having freshwater assemblages are on the verge of becoming contaminated in the future while the rest of the NW and SW areas constitute less vulnerable zones. The validation conducted for DRASTIC and EC shows a nearly positive correlation. Wastewater treatment policies must be developed throughout the studied region to prevent contamination of the remaining groundwater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19ee98c70fa64ccf8d347c16b4dc3f22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-19ee98c70fa64ccf8d347c16b4dc3f222023-11-22T10:13:13ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-011316214410.3390/w13162144Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical TechniquesSyed Hassan Iqbal Ahmad Shah0Jianguo Yan1Israr Ullah2Bilal Aslam3Aqil Tariq4Lili Zhang5Faisal Mumtaz6State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaNeotectonis and Natural Hazards, RWTH Aachen University, Locknerstr, 4-20, 52056 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Data Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45210, PakistanState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaVulnerability analysis in areas vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution has become a key element of sensible resource management and land use planning. This study is intended to estimate aquifer vulnerability using the DRASTIC model and using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) and electrical conductivity (EC) outcomes. The model allows for the identification of hydrogeological environments within the scope of the research, based on a composite definition of each environment’s main geological, geoelectrical, and hydrogeological factors. The results from the DRASTIC model were divided into four equal intervals, high, medium, low, and very low drastic index values. The SW area and NE area depict drastic index values from medium to very high, making it the most vulnerable zone in the study area, while the NW and SW areas show low to very low drastic index values. In addition, the results from the VES and EC the freshwater aquifer in the NE area and brackish water in the SE area, while the rest of the area falls into the category of brackish water. Overall, it can be concluded that areas having freshwater assemblages are on the verge of becoming contaminated in the future while the rest of the NW and SW areas constitute less vulnerable zones. The validation conducted for DRASTIC and EC shows a nearly positive correlation. Wastewater treatment policies must be developed throughout the studied region to prevent contamination of the remaining groundwater.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2144groundwaterdrastic indexgeophysical methodssalinityvulnerability |
| spellingShingle | Syed Hassan Iqbal Ahmad Shah Jianguo Yan Israr Ullah Bilal Aslam Aqil Tariq Lili Zhang Faisal Mumtaz Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques Water groundwater drastic index geophysical methods salinity vulnerability |
| title | Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques |
| title_full | Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques |
| title_short | Classification of Aquifer Vulnerability by Using the DRASTIC Index and Geo-Electrical Techniques |
| title_sort | classification of aquifer vulnerability by using the drastic index and geo electrical techniques |
| topic | groundwater drastic index geophysical methods salinity vulnerability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2144 |
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