An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary Study
Biologically inspired to mammalian olfactory system, electronic noses became popular during the last three decades. In literature, as well as in daily practice, a wide range of applications are reported. Nevertheless, the most pioneering one has been (and still is) the assessment of the human breath...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/17/3656 |
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| author | Danila Germanese Sara Colantonio Mario D’Acunto Veronica Romagnoli Antonio Salvati Maurizia Brunetto |
| author_facet | Danila Germanese Sara Colantonio Mario D’Acunto Veronica Romagnoli Antonio Salvati Maurizia Brunetto |
| author_sort | Danila Germanese |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biologically inspired to mammalian olfactory system, electronic noses became popular during the last three decades. In literature, as well as in daily practice, a wide range of applications are reported. Nevertheless, the most pioneering one has been (and still is) the assessment of the human breath composition. In this study, we used a prototype of electronic nose, called Wize Sniffer (WS) and based it on an array of semiconductor gas sensor, to detect ammonia in the breath of patients suffering from severe liver impairment. In the setting of severely impaired liver, toxic substances, such as ammonia, accumulate in the systemic circulation and in the brain. This may result in Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), a spectrum of neuro−psychiatric abnormalities which include changes in cognitive functions, consciousness, and behaviour. HE can be detected only by specific but time-consuming and burdensome examinations, such as blood ammonia levels assessment and neuro-psychological tests. In the presented proof-of-concept study, we aimed at investigating the possibility of discriminating the severity degree of liver impairment on the basis of the detected breath ammonia, in view of the detection of HE at its early stage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:03:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-19f67a5c05ba4f3190b444ba887c3c97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:03:50Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-19f67a5c05ba4f3190b444ba887c3c972022-12-22T01:56:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-08-011917365610.3390/s19173656s19173656An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary StudyDanila Germanese0Sara Colantonio1Mario D’Acunto2Veronica Romagnoli3Antonio Salvati4Maurizia Brunetto5Institute of Information Science and Technology (ISTI), National Research Council (CNR), 56127 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Information Science and Technology (ISTI), National Research Council (CNR), 56127 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council (CNR), 56127 Pisa, ItalyGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, ItalyBiologically inspired to mammalian olfactory system, electronic noses became popular during the last three decades. In literature, as well as in daily practice, a wide range of applications are reported. Nevertheless, the most pioneering one has been (and still is) the assessment of the human breath composition. In this study, we used a prototype of electronic nose, called Wize Sniffer (WS) and based it on an array of semiconductor gas sensor, to detect ammonia in the breath of patients suffering from severe liver impairment. In the setting of severely impaired liver, toxic substances, such as ammonia, accumulate in the systemic circulation and in the brain. This may result in Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), a spectrum of neuro−psychiatric abnormalities which include changes in cognitive functions, consciousness, and behaviour. HE can be detected only by specific but time-consuming and burdensome examinations, such as blood ammonia levels assessment and neuro-psychological tests. In the presented proof-of-concept study, we aimed at investigating the possibility of discriminating the severity degree of liver impairment on the basis of the detected breath ammonia, in view of the detection of HE at its early stage.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/17/3656electronic nosesgas sensorsdata processingbreath analysisliver impairmenthepatic encephalopathy |
| spellingShingle | Danila Germanese Sara Colantonio Mario D’Acunto Veronica Romagnoli Antonio Salvati Maurizia Brunetto An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary Study Sensors electronic noses gas sensors data processing breath analysis liver impairment hepatic encephalopathy |
| title | An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary Study |
| title_full | An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary Study |
| title_fullStr | An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary Study |
| title_short | An E-Nose for the Monitoring of Severe Liver Impairment: A Preliminary Study |
| title_sort | e nose for the monitoring of severe liver impairment a preliminary study |
| topic | electronic noses gas sensors data processing breath analysis liver impairment hepatic encephalopathy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/17/3656 |
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